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AND 


PRIMARY ARITHMETIC, 


it 


COMPILED AND ARRANGED FOR THE INTRODUCTORY DEPART¬ 
MENT OF THE 

NEW YORK HIGH SCHOOLS, 


SYSTEM OF MUTUAL INSTRUCTION. 


BY AUSTIN BALDWIN. 


Q A 

105 
.J 3 17m 


NEW YORK: 

ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 

CHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY, 41! BROADWAY. 


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TABLE BOOK 

AND 

PRIMARY ARITHMETIC; 


COMPILED AND ARRANGED FOR 


THE INTRODUCTORY DEPARTMENT 

OF THE 


NEW YORK PUBLIC AND WARD SCHOOLS, 


AND PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO THE 


SYSTEM OF MUTUAL INSTRUCTION. 


T C- 

X ° 





BY AUSTIN BALDWIN. 



PUBLISHED BY ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 
SCHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY, 411 BROADWAY. 









Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1848, 
BY AUSTIN BALDWIN, 

In the Clerk’s Office for the Southern District of New York. 





. jv» V 

A'/.ALVO JU>\BRI NT E R? 
.*JOHN AND DUajfclfcSt'li 


me. Al^ALvojipXii 
216 WILLIAM STREET, N. ? ^COR 




PREFACE. 


Having for a long time sustained considerable incon¬ 
venience from the want of a book of Arithmetical Tables 
adapted to the capacities of very young pupils, and ar¬ 
ranged in such a manner as to answer the purposes of a 
large school, I have been induced to compile one, with a 
special view to the necessities of the system of monitorial 
instruction. 

Believing it important that children should be made to 
understand the application of what they are required to 
commit to memory, I have placed a few simple questions 
at the end of each lesson illustrating its use ; and as a 
knowledge of the rules of Arithmetic can be well under¬ 
stood by children, only by performing the operations, I 
have endeavored, in the introduction, to make the rules as 
concise as possible, depending principally on the examples 
for fixing them in the minds of the pupils. It is confi¬ 
dently hoped that this little work will lighten the labor 
of the child in committing to memory that which is so im¬ 
portant as a foundation for Arithmetic, and also that, by 
the division and numbering of the lessons, it may relieve 
the teacher of much trouble in assigning the proper por- 
tions'for £ach scholar or class. « 

* That it may, however small the offering, aid the cause 
of infant education, is the earnest wish of 

THE COMPILER. 




Jk 


4 

ROMAN AND 

ARABIC : 

NUMBERS. 

ROMAN AND 

ARABIC 

NUMBERS. 

ROMAN. ARABIC. 

ROMAN. 

ARABIC. 

I 

1 one. 

XXIV 

24 twenty-four. 

II 

2 two. 

XXV 

25 twenty-five. 

III 

3 three. 

XXVI 

26. twenty-six. 

IV 

4 four. 

XXVII 

27 twenty-seven. 

V 

5 five. 

XXVIII 

28 twenty-eight. 

VI 

6 six. 

XXIX 

29 twenty-nine. 

VII 

7 seven. 

XXX 

30 thirty. 

VIII 

8 eight. 

XL 

40 forty. 

IX 

9 nine. 

L 

50 fifty. 

X 

10 ten. 

LX 

60 sixty. 

XI 

11 eleven. 

LXX 

70 seventy. 

XII 

12 twelve. 

LXXX 

80 eighty. 

XIII 

13 thirteen. 

XC 

90 ninety. 

XIV 

14 fourteen. 

C 

100 one hundred. 

XV 

15 fifteen. 

CC 

200 two hundred. 

XVI 

16 sixteen. 

CCC 

300 three hundred. 

XVII 

17 seventeen. 

CCCC 

400 four hundred. 

XVIII 

18 eighteen. 

D 

500 five hundred. 

XIX 

19 nineteen. 

DC 

600 six hundred. 

XX 

20 twenty. 

DCC 

700 seven hundred. 

XXI 

21 twenty-one. 

DCCC 

800 eight hundred. 

XXII 

22 twenty-two. 

DCCCC 

900 nine hundred. 

XXIII 23 twenty-three. 

M 

1000 one thousand. 


Ques. What does M stand for ? Ans. One thousand. 

Q. What does D stand for ? A. Five hundred. 

Q. What does MD stand for ? A. One thousand five 
hundred. 

Q. What does C stand for? A. One hundred. 

Q. What does CC stand for ? A. Two hundred. 

Q. What does CCC stand for ? A. Three hundred. 

Q. What does MDCCC stand for? A. One thousand 
eight hundred. 

Q. What does X stand for ? A. Ten. 

Q . What does XX stand for ? A. Twenty. 

Q. What does MDCCCXX stand for ? A. One thou¬ 
sand eight hundred and twenty. 

Q. What does IX stand for ? A. Nine. 

Q. What does MDCCCXXIX stand for? A. One 
thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine. 





ADDITION. 



ADDITION. 


First Lesson. 


Ques. What does Addition teach ? 

A. Addition teaches the method of collecting several 
numbers into one. 


and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 


TABLE. 

1 are 

2 are 

3 are 

4 are 

5 are 

6 are 

7 are 

8 are 

9 are 
10 are 


2 . 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6 . 

7. 


QUESTIONS. 


How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
How many are 
If you had 3 pence, and ybur father were to give you 
1 more, how many would you have ? 

If you receive 10 tickets for good lessons, and 1 for 
being monitor, how many will you have ? 


9. 

10 . 

11 . 


and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 

and 


2 ? 
4? 
6 ? 
8 ? 
10 ? 
1 ? 
3 ? 
5 ? 
7? 
9? 


§ec©iMl Lessoaa. 



TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


2 and 

2 

are 

4. 

How many are 

2 and 

2? 

2 and 

3 

are 

5. 

How many are 

4 and 

2 ? 

2 and 

4 

are 

6 . 

How many are 

6 and 

2? 

2 and 

5 

are 

7. 

How many are 

8 and 

2? 

2 and 

6 

are 

8. 

How many are 

10 and 

2? 

2 and 

7 

are 

9. 

How many are 

11 and 

2? 

2 and 

8 

are 

10. 

How many are 

3 and 

2? 

2 and 

9 

are 

11. 

How many are 

5 and 

2? 

2 and 

10 

are 

12. 

How many are 

7 and 

2 ? 

2 and 

11 

arb 

13. 

How many are 

9 and 

2? 


How many are 10 apples and 2 apples ? 

How many are 5 bushels and 2 bushels ? 

If there are 3 boys on one seat and 2 boys on another, 
how many boys are on both ? 

If you put 2 quarts of water with 3 quarts of cider, 
how many quarts will it make together ? 





ADDITION. 


6 


Tlaird Wesson. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


3 and 

1 

are 

4. 

How many are 

3 and 

2? 

3 and 

2 

are 

5. 

How many are 

3 and 

10? 

3 and 

3 

are 

6. 

How many are 

3 and 

11 ? 

3 and 

4 

are 

7. 

How many are 

4 and 

3 ? 

3 and 

5 

are 

8. 

How many are 

6 and 

3 ? 

3 and 

6 

are 

9. 

How many are 

8 and 

3 ? 

3 and 

7 

are 

10 . 

How many are 

3 and 

9? 

3 and 

8 

are 

11. 

How many are 

3- and 

1 ? 

3 and 

9 

are 

12. 

How many are 

5 and 

3 ? 

3 and 

10 

are 

13. 

How many are 

7 and 

3 ? 


If you spend 5 cents for a ball, and 3 cents for a bat, 
how much do you lay out ? 

If you have 9 marbles, and win 3 more, how many 
will you then have ? 

If it take 3 yards of cloth for a coat, and 2 yards for a 
pair of pantaloons, how much will it take for both ? 

If you are sent for 7 pounds of flour and 3 pounds of 
sugar, how many pounds will you have to carry ? 


Fourth £<e§sou. 



TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


4 and 

1 

are 

5. 

How many are 

4 and 

2 ?‘ 

4 and 

2 

are 

6. 

How many are 

4 and 

4 ? 

4 and 

3 

are 

7. 

How many are 

4 and 

6? 

4 and 

4 

are 

8. 

How many are 

4 and 

8? 

4 and 

5 

are 

9. 

How many are 

4 and 

10? 

4 and 

6 

are 

10. 

How many are 

4 and 

1 ? 

4 and 

7 

are 

11. 

How many are 

4 and 

3? 

4 and 

8 

are 

12. 

How many are 

4 and 

5? 

4 and 

9 

are 

13. 

How many are 

4 and 

7? 

4 and 

10 

are 

14. 

How many are 

4 and 

9? 


If you pay 9 cents for a writing-book, and 4 cents for 
quills, what do they come to ? 

John has 10 tickets, and James has 4, how many have 
they together ? 

If you walk 4 miles in the morning, and 5 miles in the 
afternoon, how many miles do you walk that day ? 

If you put 5 things and 4 things together, how many 
will it make ? 






ADDITION. 


V 


I'ik'IBa R.onmmi. 




TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


6 

and 

1 

are 

6. 

How many are 

5 

and 

10 ? 

6 

and 

2 

are 

7. 

How many aro 

5 

and 

8? 

5 

and 

a 

are 

8. 

I low many aro 

5 

and 

7 ? 

5 and 

•i 

are 

9. 

How many are 

5 

and 

3 ? 

6 

and 

6 

aro 

10. 

How many are 

5 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

6 

aro 

11. 

How many are 

5 

and 

9? 

6 

and 

7 

are 

12. 

How many aro 

5 

and 

2 ? 

6 

and 

8 

are 

13. 

How many aro 

5 

and 

11 ? 

6 

and 

e 

aro 

14. 

How many aro 

5 

and 

4? 

5 

and 

10 

are 

15. 

1 low many aro 

5 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

n 

aro 

16. 

How many aro 

5 

and 

1 ? 


If L pay 5 dollars for a barrel of flour, and 11 dollars 
for a load of coal, what do both cost me ? 

If Eno» has 6 pence, and Cyrus has 5, and George has 
ns many us Enos and Cyrus together, how many has 
George ! 

I low many are 5 shillings and 7 shillings? 

Seven and five aro how many ? 

ttixlBl IjCINMOU. 


TABLE, QUESTIONS. 


6 

and 

1 

are 

7. 

How many ure 

6 

and 

3? 

6 

and 

2 

aro 

8. 

How many aro 

6 

and 

5 ? 

6 

und 

3 

aro 

9. 

How many are 

6 

and 

9? 

6 

and 

4 

aro 

10 . 

How many aro 

6 and 

7? 

6 

and 

6 

aro 

11. 

How many aro 

1 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

6 

are 

12. 

How many are 

2 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

7 

aro 

13. 

How many are 

4 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

8 

aro 

14. 

How many are 

6 

and 

6? 

6 

and 

9 

aro 

15. 

How many are 

8 

and 

6? 

6 and 

10 

aro 

16. 

How many are 

10 

and 

6? 


Two hoys bought some twino for a kito,—one paid 6 
pence, ana tho other 4 pence; how much did tho twine 
cost ? 

If there a,re 0 boys in one class, and 8 boys in another, 
how many boys are in both classes ? 

If one hoy is fined 5 tickets, and another 6, how many 
will they both have to pay ? 







ADDITION. 


8 


SeventSi Wesson. 




TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


7 and 

1 

are 

8. 

How many are 

7 and 

4? 

7 and 

2 

are 

9. 

How many are 

1 and 

7? 

7 

and 

3 

are 

10. 

How many are 

3 and 

7? 

7 

and 

4 

are 

11. 

How many are 

7 and 

8? 

7 

and 

5 

are 

12. 

How many are 

5 and 

7? 

7 

and 

6 

are 

13. 

How many are 

7 and 

10? 

7 

and 

7 

are 

14. 

How many are 

9 and 

7? 

7 

and 

8 

are 

15. 

How many are 

7 and 

2 ? 

7 

and 

9 

are 

16. 

How many are 

6 and 

7? 

7 

and 

io 

are 

17. 

How many are 

7 and 

12? 

7 

and 

11 

are 

18. 

How many are 

11 and 

7 ? 

7 

and 

12 

are 

19. 

How many are 

7 and 

2 ? 

Gershom has 9 books, and Arthur has 7 
books have both ? 

; how many 


Joseph has 7 brothers and 3 sisters ; how many bro¬ 
thers and sisters together has he ? 

If you have 7 cents in one pocket, and 9 cents in the 
other, how many have you in both ? 


EigSitla Wesson* 




TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


8 

and 

2 

are 

10. 

How many are 

8 and 

10? 

8 

and 

3 

are 

11. 

How many are 

3 and 

8? 

8 

and 

4 

are 

12. 

How many are 

8 and 

2? 

8 

and 

5 

are 

13. 

How many are 

5 and 

8? 

8 

and 

6 

are 

14. 

How many are 

8 and 

4? 

8 

and 

7 

are 

15. 

How many are 

7 and 

8? 

8 

and 

8 

are 

16. 

How many are 

8 and 

6? 

8 

and 

9 

are 

17. 

How many are 

9 and 

8? 

8 

and 

10 

are 

18. 

How many are 

8 and 

8? 

8 

and 

11 

are 

19. 

How many are 

11 and 

8 ? 


If an atlas cost 8 shillings, and a geography cost 4 
shillings, what will both cost? 

If you have 11 marbles in one hind, and 8 marbles in 
the other, how many have you in both ? 

If 8 shillings make a dollar, and 4 shillings make a 
half of a dollar, how many shillings make a dollar and a 
half? 






ADDITION. 


9 


Ninth 

TABLE. 

9 and 2 are 11. 

9 and 3 are 12. 

9 and 4 are 13. 

9 and 5 are 14. 

9 and 6 are 15. 

9 and 7 are 16. 

9 and 8 are 17. 

9 and 9 are 18. 

9 and 10 are 19. 

9 and 11 are 20. 


ILessoaa. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many are 9 and 3 ? 
How many are 2 and 9 ? 
How many are 9 and 9 ? 
How many are 4 and 9 ? 
How many are 9 and 11? 
How many are 5 and 9 ? 
How many are 9 and 7 ? 
How many are 6 and 9 ? 
How many are 9 and 10 ? 
How many are 8 and 9 ? 


If 12 pence make 1 shilling, how many pence are there 
in 1 shilling and 9 pence ? 

If yon lay up 9 cents one week, and 7 cents the next, 
how many cents will you have ? 


SUBTRACTION. 


Tenth JLessosi. 

Q. What does Subtraction teach ? 

A. Subtraction teaches the method of taking a less 


number from a greater, and shows the difference between 
the two. 

TABLE. QUESTIONS. 

1 

from 

1 leaves 

0. 

1 

from 

3 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

2 leaves 

1. 

1 

from 

5 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

3 leaves 

2. 

1 

from 

7 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

4 leaves 

3. 

1 

from 

9 leaves how many l 

1 

from 

5 leaves 

4. 

1 

from 

11 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

6 leaves 

5. 

1 

from 

1 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

7 leaves 

6. 

1 

from 

4 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

8 leaves 

7. 

1 

from 

2 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

9 leaves 

8. 

1 

from 

6 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

10 leaves 

9. 

1 

from 

8 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

11 leaves 

10. 

1 

from 

10 leaves how many ? 

1 

from 

12 leaves 

11. 

1 

from 

12 leaves how many ? 


If a boy have 3 cents given to him, and spend 1, how 
many will he have left ? 

If you buy 6 books, and give 1 away, how many will 
you have left ? 







SUBTRACTION". 


10 


Elevesatfli Eesson. 


2 

TABLE. 

from 2 leaves 

0 . 

2 

from 

4 

QUESTIONS. 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

3 

leaves 

1 . 

2 

from 

6 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

4 

leaves 

2. 

2 

from 

8 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

5 

leaves 

3. 

2 

from 

10 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

6 

leaves 

4. 

2 

from 

12 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

7 

leaves 

5. 

2 

from 

2 

leaves how many ? 

2 from 

8 

leaves 

6. 

2 

from 

3 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

9 

leaves 

7. 

2 

from 

5 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

10 

leaves 

8. 

2 

from 

7 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

11 

leaves 

9. 

2 

from 

9 

leaves how many ? 

2 

from 

12 

leaves 

10. 

2 

from 

11 

leaves how" many ? 

2 

from 

13 

leaves 

11. 

2 

from 

13 

leaves how many ? 


If you have 6 marbles, and lose 2, how many have you 


left? 


Two shillings from 12 shillings leaves how many ? 

If you cut 2 feet from the end of a stick which is 8 feet 
long, how many feet will be left ? 

Two from 8 leaves how many ? 

Twelftli Eessosa. 


TABLE. QUESTIONS. 


3 

from 

3 

leaves 

0. 

3 

from 

4 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

4 

leaves 

1. 

3 

from 

8 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

5 

leaves 

2. 

3 

from 

12 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

6 

leaves 

3. 

3 

from 

9 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

7 

leaves 

4. 

3 

from 

6 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

8 

leaves 

5. 

3 

from 

10 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

9 

leaves 

6. 

3 

from 

14 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

10 

leaves 

7. 

3 

from 

3 

leaves how many ? 

3 from 

11 

leaves 

8. 

3 

from 

7 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

12 

leaves 

9. 

3 

from 

11 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

13 

leaves 

10. 

3 

from 

5 

leaves how many ? 

3 

from 

14 

leaves 

11. 

3 

from 

13 

leaves how many ? 


How 

many more is 9 than 3 ? 




If a book cost 12 shillings, and a penknife 3 shillings, 
how much more does the book cost than the knife ? 


James has 14 tickets, and George has 3; how many 
more has James than George ? 





SUBTRACTION. 



TABLE. 


Vlifrteentli Lesson. 

QUESTIONS. 


5 leaves how many ? 

9 leaves how many ? 

trom 13 leaves how many ? 

4 leaves bow many ? 

8 leaves how many ? 

from 12 leaves how many ? 

6 leaves how many ? 

from 10 leaves how many ? 

4 from 14 leaves how many ? 

7 leaves how many ? 

from 11 leaves how many ? 

from 15 leaves how many ? 

Joseph is 12 years old, and John is 4; how many years 
is Joseph older than John ? 

If you have 2 sticks, one 15 inches long, and the other 
4, how many inches is one longer than the other ? 

If you buy 14 .slate pencils, and break 4 of them, how 
many whole ones have you left ? 


4 from 

4 leaves 

0. 

4 from 

4 from 

5 leaves 

1. 

4 from 

4 from 

6 leaves 

2. 

4 "from 

4 from 

7 leaves 

3. 

4 from 

4 from 

8 leaves 

4. 

4 from 

4 from 

9 leaves 

5. 

4 from 

4 from 

10 leaves 

6. 

4 from 

4 from 

11 leaves 

7. 

4 from 

4 from 

12 leaves 

8. 

4 from 

4 from 

13 leaves 

9. 

4 from 

4 from 

14 leaves 

10. 

4 from 

4 from 

15 leaves 

11. 

4 from 


Fourteenth Lesson. 



TABLE. 




QUESTIONS. 

5 from 

5 

leaves 

0. 

5 from 

6 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

6 

leaves 

1. 

5 

from 

8 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

7 

leaves 

2. 

5 

from 

10 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

8 

leaves 

3. 

5 

from 

12 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

9 

leaves 

4. 

5 

from 

14 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

10 

leaves 

5. 

5 

from 

16 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

11 

leaves 

6. 

5 

from 

5 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

12 

leaves 

7. 

5 

from 

7 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

13 

leaves 

8. 

5 

from 

9 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

14 

leaves 

9. 

5 

from 

11 leaves how many ? 

5 from 

15 

leaves 

10. 

5 

from 

13 leaves how many ? 

5 

from 

16 

leaves 

11. 

5 

from 

15 leaves how many ? 


A boy had 12 nuts and gave away 5 ; how many had 
he left? 

Thomas had 16 pence, he lost 3 and spent 2; how 
many had he left ? 

A man bought 10 pounds of glue, and used 5 pounds ; 
how much had he left ? 





SUBTRACTION. 


12 


Fifteenth Lesson. 


TABLE. 

6 from 6 leaves 0. 
6 from 7 leaves 1. 
6 from 8 leaves 2. 
6 from 9 leaves 3. 
6 from 10 leaves 4. 
6 from 11 leaves 5. 
6 from 12 leaves 6. 
6 from 13 leaves 7. 
6 from 14 leaves 8. 
6 from 15 leaves 9. 
6 from 16 leaves 10. 
6 from 17 leaves 1l. 


QUESTIONS. 

6 from 16 leaves how many ? 
6 from 14 leaves how many ? 
6 from 12 leaves how many ? 
6 from 10 leaves how many ? 
6 from 8 leaves how many ? 
6 from 6 leaves how many ? 
6 from 17 leaves how many ? 
6 from 15 leaves how many ? 
6 from 13 leaves how many ? 
6 from 11 leaves how many ? 
6 from 9 leaves how many ? 
6 from 7 leaves how many ? 


A man bought 17 barrels of apples, and sold 6 ; how 
many had he left ? 

Six from seventeen leaves how many ? 

If you buy a book for 10 shillings, and sell it for 6, 
how much do you lose ? 


Sixteenth Lesson. 


TABLE. 

7 from 7 leaves 
7 from 8 leaves 
7 from 9 leaves 
7 from 10 leaves 
7 from 11 leaves 
7 from 12 leaves 
7 from 13 leaves 
7 from 14 leaves 
7 from 15 leaves 
7 from 16 leaves 
7 from 17 leaves 
7 from 18 leaves 


0 . 

7 from 

1 . 

7 from 

2. 

7 from 

3. 

7 from 

4. 

7 from 

5. 

7 from 

6. 

7 from 

7. 

7 from 

8. 

7 from 

9. 

7 from 

10. 

7 from 

11. 

7 from 


QUESTIONS. 

9 leaves how many ? 

12 leaves how many ? 

15 leaves how many ? 
18 leaves how many ? 

10 leaves how many ? 

13 leaves how many ? 

16 leaves how many ? 

7 leaves how many ? 

11 leaves how many ? 

14 leaves how many ? 

17 leaves how many ? 

8 leaves how many ? 


If you have 18 tickets and forfeit 7, how many will 
you have left ? 

Oliver has 16 lessons in a week, and Henry has 7 ; 
how many more lessons has Oliver than Henry ? 

If George’s clothes cost 12 dollars, and Robert’s 
clothes cost 8 dollars, how much more does George’s 
cost than Robert’s ? 





SUBTRACTION. 


13 


Seventeen!!! ILesson. 


TABLE. 

8 from 8 leaves 0. 

8 from 9 leaves 1. 

8 from 10 leaves 2. 

8 from 11 leaves 3. 

8 from 12 leaves 4. 

8 from 13 leaves 5. 

8 from 14 leaves 6. 

8 from 15 leaves 7. 

8 from 16 leaves 8. 

8 from 17 leaves 9. 

8 from 18 leaves 10. 

8 from 19 leaves 11. 8 from 14 leaves how many ? 

Thomas is 12 years of age, and his sister is 8 ; how 
much older is Thomas than his sister ? 

If I have 11 pounds of rice, and lose 8 pounds, how 
many pounds have I left ? 

Ten less eight is how many ? 


QUESTIONS. 

8 from 9 leaves how many ? 
8 from 15 leaves how many ? 
8 from 10 leaves how many ? 
8 from 16 leaves how many ? 
8 from 11 leaves how many ? 
8 from 17 leaves how many ? 
8 from 12 leaves how many ? 
8 from 18 leaves how many ? 
8 from 13 leaves how many ? 
8 from 19 leaves, how many ? 
8 from 8 leaves how many ? 


Eighteenth Eessofii. 


TABLE. 

9 from 9 leaves 0. 
9 from 10 leaves 1. 
9 from 11 leaves 2. 
9 from 12 leaves 3. 
9 from 13 leaves 4. 
9 from 14 leaves 5. 
9 from 15 leaves 6. 
9 from 16 leaves 7. 
9 from 17 leaves 8. 
9 from 18 leaves 9. 
9 from 19 leaves 10. 
9 from 20 leaves 11. 


QUESTIONS. 

9 from 20 leaves how 
9 from 11 leaves how 
9 from 19 leaves how 
9 from 10 leaves how 
9 from 18 leaves how 
9 from 9 leaves how 
9 from 17 leaves how 
9 from 15 leaves how 
9 from 13 leaves how 
9 from 16 leaves how 
9 from 14 leaves how 
9 from 12 leaves how 


many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 
many ? 


If 9 boys are taken out of a class of 20 boys, how 
many will there be left ? 

If you buy 18 eggs, and 9 prove bad, how many good 
ones are there ? 

If you go a journey of 15 miles, and ride 9 miles of 
the distance, and walk the rest, how far do you walk ? 

Twelve less nine is how many ? 


2 





MULTIPLICATION. 


14 


IViiteteeaatSi Lesson. 

TABLE. QUESTIONS. 


10 from 10 leaves 

0. 

10 

10 from 11 leaves 

1. 

10 

10 from 12 leaves 

2. 

10 

10 from 13 leaves 

3. 

10 

10 from 14 leaves 

4. 

10 

10 from 15 leaves 

5. 

10 

10 from 16 leaves 

6. 

10 

10 from 17 leaves 

7. 

10 

10 from 18 leaves 

8. 

10 

10 from 19 leaves 

9. 

10 

10 from 20 leaves 

10. 

10 

10 from 21 leaves 11. 

10 


from 10 leaves how many ? 
from 15 leaves how many ? 
from 20 leaves how many ? 
from 11 leaves how many ? 
from 16 leaves how many ? 
from 12 leaves how many ? 
from 17 leaves how many ? 
from 13 leaves how many 1 
from 18 leaves how many ? 
from 14 leaves how many ? 
from 19 leaves how many ? 
from 21 leaves how many ? 


If a window have 16 panes of glass, and 10 of them 
get broken, how many whole panes will be left ? 

John’s book has 18 pictures, and William’s book has 
10 ; how many more pictures are there in John’s book than 
in William’s. 


MULTIPLICATION. 


Twentieth Lesson. 

Q. What does Multiplication teach ? 

A. Multiplication teaches the method of finding 
amount of any number of times in a given number. 


TABLE. 

2 times 1 are 2. 

2 times 2 are 4. 

2 times 3 are 6. 

2 times 4 are 8. 

2 times 5 are 10. 

2 times 6 are 12. 

2 times 7 are 14. 

2 times 8 are 16. 

2 times 9 are 18. 

2 times 10 are 20. 

2 times 11 are 22. 

2 times 12 are 24. 

If you have 2 cents in 
in both ? 


QUESTIONS. 

How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
How many are 2 times 
each hand, how many have 


the 


2 ? 
4 ? 
6 ? 
8 ? 
10 ? 
12 ? 
1 ? 
3 ? 
5? 
7 ? 
9 ? 
11 ? 
you 










MULTIPLICATION. 

15 


Twenty-first Lesson. 


TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 


3 times 

1 are 3. 

How many are 3 times 

3 ? 

3 times 

2 are 6. 

How many are 3 times 

6 ? 

3 times 

3 are 9. 

How many are 3 times 

9 ? 

3 times 

4 are 12. 

How many are 3 times 

12 ? 

3 times 

5 are 15. 

How many are 3 times 

1 ? 

3 times 

6 are 18. 

How many are 3 times 

4 ? 

3 times 

7 are 21. 

How many are 3 times 

7 ? 

3 times 

8 are 24. 

How many are 3 times 

10 ? 

3 times 

9 are 27. 

How many are 3 times 

2 ? 

3 times 10 are 30. 

How many are 3 times 

5? 

3 times 11 are 33. 

How many are 3 times 

8 ? 

3 times 12 are 36. 

How many are 3 times 

11 ? 


If you recite 3 lessons each day, how many lessons 
will you recite in 5 days ? 

How much will 12 oranges come to at 3 cents a peice ? 
What will 3 books come to at 6 cents a piece ? 

If 10 boys each receive 3 cents, how many cents will 
they have together ? 


Twenty-second Wesson. 


TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 


4 times 

1 are 4. 

How many are 4 times 

4 ? 

4 times 

2 are 8. 

How many are 4 times 

8 ? 

4 times 

3 are 12. 

How many are 4 times 

12 ? 

4 times 

4 are 16. 

How many are 4 times 

1 ? 

4 times 

5 are 20. 

How many are 4 times 

5? 

4 times 

6 are 24. 

How many are 4 times 

9 ? 

4 times 

7 are 28. 

How many are 4 times 

2 ? 

4 times 

8 are 32. 

How many are 4 times 

6 ? 

4 times 

9 are 36. 

How many are 4 times 

10 ? 

4 times 10 are 40. 

How many are 4 times 

3 ? 

4 times 11 are 44. 

How many are 4 times 

7 ? 

4 times 12 are 48. 

How many are 4 times 

11 ? 


If there are 4 farthings in 1 penny, how many farthings 
are there in 4 pence ? 

How many farthings are there in 6 pence ? 

What will 4 books cost at 8 shillings a piece ? 

Jane is 4 years old, and Joseph is 3 times as old as 
Jane; how old is Joseph ? 




16 MULTIPLICATION. 

Twenty-third Wesson. 


TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 


5 times 1 are 5. 

How many are 5 times 

5 ? 

5 times 2 are 10. 

How many are 5 times 

10 ? 

5 times 3 are 15. 

How many are 5 times 

1 ? 

5 times 4 are 20. 

How many are 5 times 

6 ? 

5 times 5 are 25. 

How many are 5 times 

2 ? 

5 times 6 are 30. 

How many are 5 times 

7 ? 

5 times 7 are 35. 

How many are 5 times 

3 ? 

5 times 8 are 40. 

How many are 5 times 

8 ? 

5 times 9 are 45. 

How many are 5 times 

4 ? 

5 times 10 are 50. 

How many are 5 times 

9 ? 

5 times 11 are 55. 

How many are 5 times 

12? 

5 times 12 are 60. 

How many are 5 times 

11 ? 

If 5 boys each get 5 tickets for good lessons, how many 

will they have altogether 

? 


What will 12 bushels of apples come to at 5 shillings 

a bushel ? 



If you ride 5 miles an 

hour, how many miles will you 

ride in 10 hours ? 



Twenty-fourth Lesson. 


TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 


6 times 1 are 6. 

How many are 6 times 

6? 

6 times 2 are 12. 

How many are 6 times 

12 ? 

6 times 3 are 18. 

How many are 6 times 

1 ? 

6 times 4 are 24. 

How many are 6 times 

7 ? 

6 times 5 are 30. 

How many are 6 times 

2 ? 

6 times 6 are 36. 

How many are 6 times 

8? 

6 times 7 are 42. 

How many are 6 times 

3 ? 

6 times 8 are 48. 

How many are 6 times 

9 ? 

6 times 9 are 54. 

How many are 6 times 

4? 

6 times 10 are 60. 

How many are 6 times 

5 ? 

6 times 11 are 66. 

How many are 6 times 

10 ? 

6 times 12 are 72. 

How many are 6 times 

11 ? 

If there are 6 boys in each class, how many boys 

are 

there in 12 classes ? 



What will 4 yards of cloth come to at 6 dollars a yard ? 

What cost 11 pair of shoes at 6 shillings a pair? 


If you pay 6 cents a mile for riding in a stage, how 

much will you pay for 12 miles’ ride ? 






MULTIPLICATION. 


17 


Twenty-fifth Lesson* 


TABLE. QUESTIONS. 

How many are 7 times 7 
How many are 7 times 9 
How many are 7 times 11 
How many are 7 times 1 
How many are 7 times 3 
How many are 7 times 5 
How many are 7 times 12 ? 
How many are 7 times 4 ? 
How many are 7 times 6 ? 
How many are 7 times 8 ? 
How many are 7 times 10 ? 
How many are 7 times 2 ? 
1 foot, how many inches are there 

in 7 feet ? 

If a steam-boat sail 10 miles an hour, how far will it go 
in 7 hours ? 

If a boy lay up 7 shillings a month, how much will he 
have laid up at the end of 12 months ? 


times 

times 

times 

times 

times 

times 

times 

times 

times 


1 are 7. 

2 are 14. 

3 are 21. 

4 are 28. 

5 are 35. 

6 are 42. 

7 are 49. 

8 are 56. 

9 are 63. 
times 10 are 70. 
times lhare 77. 
times 12 are 84. 

If 12 inches make 


Twenty-sixtSi 


TABLE. 


8 times 

1 are 8. 

How 

8 times 

2 are 16. 

How 

8 times 

3 are 24. 

How 

8 times 

4 are 32. 

How 

8 times 

5 are 40. 

How 

8 times 

6 are 48. 

How 

8 times 

7 are 56. 

How 

8 times 

8 are 64. 

How 

8 times 

9 are 72. 

How 

8 times 

10 are 80. 

How 

8 times 11 are 88. 

How 

8 times 12 are 96. 

How 

What will 8 weeks’ 

board come 1 


Lesson. 

QUESTIONS. 


8 ? 
[2 ? 
1 ? 

5 ? 
9 ? 
2 ? 

6 ? 
LO? 
3 ? 
LI ? 
7 ? 


What will 3 barrels of beer come to at 8 dollars a 
barrel? 

If there are 8 shillings in 1 dollar, how many shillings 
are there in 12 dollars ? 

How many are 8 times 12 ? 


2* 




18 

MULTIPLICATION. 


Twenty-seventh ILessou. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


9 times 1 are 

9. 

How many are 9 times 

9 ? 

9 times 2 are 

18. 

How many are 9 times 

12 ? 

9 times 3 are 

27. 

How many are 9 times 

1 ? 

9 times 4 are 

36. 

How many are 9 times 

4? 

9 times 5 are 

45. 

How many are 9 times 

7 ? 

9 times 6 are 

54. 

How many are 9 times 

10 ? 

9 times 7 are 

63. 

How many are 9 times 

2 ? 

9 times 8 are 

72. 

How many are 9 times 

5? 

9 times 9 are 

81. 

How many are 9 times 

8? 

9 times 10 are 

90. 

How many are 9 times 

11 ? 

9 times 11 are 

99. 

How many are 9 times 

3 ? 

9 times 12 are 108. 

How many are 9 times 

6 ? 

If you give to 9 boys 3 

apples each, how many 

will 

you give away 

m all ? 



Nine times 3 

are how many ? 


If you get 3 tickets a day, how many will you get 

in 9 

days ? 




Twenty-el g 

hth Lesson. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


10 times 1 are 

10. 

How many are 10 times 

10 ? 

10 times 2 are 

20. 

How many are 10 times 

2 ? 

10 times 3 are 

30. 

How many are 10 times 

4 ? 

10 times 4 are 

40. 

How many are 10 times 

6 ? 

10 times 5 are 

50. 

How many are 10 times 

8 ? 

10 times 6 are 

60. 

How many are 10 times 

12 ? 

10 times 7 are 

70. 

How many are 10 times 

1 ? 

10 times 8 are 

80. 

How many are 10 times 

3? 

10 times 9 are 

90. 

How many are 10 times 

5? 

10 times 10 are 100. 

How many are 10 times 

7 ? 

10 times 11 are 

110. 

How many are 10 times 

9 ? 

10 times 12 are 120. 

How many are 10 times 

11 ? 

If there are 

10 dollars in 

1 eagle, how many dollars 

in 9 eagles ? 




If a man earn 10 dollars 

in 1 month, how many 

dol- 

lars will he earn in 12 months ? 


Twelve times 10 are how 

many ? 


If 10 boys each receive 10 tickets for drawing maps, 

how many will they get altogether ? 







MULTIPLICATION. 

19 

Twesity-aiisitli ILessoai. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


11 times 1 are 

11. 

How many are 11 times 

3? 

11 times 2 are 

22. 

How many are 11 times 

6? 

11 times 3 are 

33. 

How many are 11 times 

9 ? 

11 times 4 are 

44. 

How many are 11 times 12 ? 

11 times 5 are 

55. 

How many are 11 times 

1 ? 

11 times 6 are 

66. 

How many are 11 times 

4 ? 

11 times 7 are 

77. 

How many are 11 times 

7? 

11 times 8 are 

88. 

How many are 11 times 

10 ? 

11 times 9 are 

99. 

How many are 11 times 

2? 

11 times 10 are 

110. 

How many are 11 times 

5? 

11 times 11 are 

121. 

Flow many are 11 times 

8? 

11 times 12 are 

132. 

How many are 11 times 11? 

Tf there are 

11 rows of posts, and 6 posts in each 

row, how many 

posts are there ? 


Eleven times 

6 are how many ? 


If there be 12 cannons, and each cannon is fired 

11 

t mes, how many discharges will be made altogether ? 


Eleven times 12 are how 

many ? 


Tliirtietli Wesson. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 


12 times 1 are 

12 . 

How many are 12 times 

3 ? 

12 times 2 are 

24. 

How many are 12 times 12 ? 

12 times 3 are 

36. 

How many are 12 times 

1 ? 

12 times 4 are 

48. 

How many are 12 times 11 ? 

12 times 5 are 

60. 

How many are 12 times 

4? 

12 times 6 are 

72. 

How many are 12 times 10 ? 

12 times 7 are 

84. 

How many are 12 times 

6? 

12 times 8 are 

96. 

How many are 12 times 

8 ? 

12 times 9 are 

108. 

How many are 12 times 

7? 

12 times 10 are 

120. 

How many are 12 times 

9 ? 

12 times 11 are 

132. 

How many are 12 times 

5? 

12 times 12 are 

144. 

How many are 12 times 

2 ? 

If there are 

12 months 

n 1 year, how many months 

are there in 12 years ? 



Twelve times 12 are how 

many ? 


How many months old is 

a boy whose age is 8 years ? 

If there are 12 inches in 

1 foot, how many inches 

are 

there in 6 feet ? 








20 DIVISION. 

DIVISION 


Thirty-first Lesion. 

Q. What does Division teach ? 


A. Division teaches the method of finding how many 

times a less number is contained in a greater. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS- 

2 in 2 goes 1 time. 

2 in 4 how many ? 

2 in 4 goes 2 times. 

2 in 6 how many ? 

2 in 6 goes 3 times. 

2 in 8 how many ? 

2 in 8 goes 4 times. 

2 in 24 how many ? 

2 in 10 goes 5 times. 

2 in 2 how many ? 

2 in 12 goes 6 times. 

2 in 22 how many ? 

2 in 14 goes 7 times. 

2 in 10 how many ? 

2 in 16 goes 8 times. 

2 in 20 how many ? 

2 in 18 goes 9 times. 

2 in 12 how many ? 

2 in 20 goes 10 times. 

2 in 18 how many ? 

2 in 22 goes 11 times. 

2 in 14 how many ? 

2 in 24 goes 12 times. 

2 in 16 how manv ? 

If you pay 4 cents for 2 apples 

, how much is that 

a piece 2 


If you can buy 2 peaches for a 

penny, what will 6 

peaches cost 2 


Thirty-second Lesson. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

3 in 3 goes 1 time. 

3 in 9 how many 2 

3 in 6 goes 2 times. 

3 in 24 how many 2 

3 in 9 goes 3 times. 

3 in 18 how many ? 

3 in 12 goes 4 times. 

3 in 30 how many ? 

3 in 15 goes 5 times. 

3 in 15 how many ? 

3 in 18 goes 6 times. 

3 in 36 how many ? 

3 in 21 goes 7 times. 

3 in 3 how many ? 

3 in 24 goes 8 times. 

3 in 27 how many 2 

3 in 27 goes 9 times. 

3 in 6 how many ? 

3 in 30 goes 10 times. 

3 in 21 how many ? 

3 in 33 goes 11 times. 

3 in 12 how many ? 

3 in 36 goes 12 times. 

3 in 33 how many ? 

If 12 apples are divided equally among 3 girls, how 

many will each girl have 2 


How many times is 3 contained in 24 ? 





DIVISION. 

21 

TSiirty-tliird Lesson. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

4 in 4 goes 1 time. 

4 in 44 how many ? 

4 in 8 goes 2 times. 

4 in 24 how many ? 

4 in 12 goes 3 times. 

4 in 4 how many ? 

4 in 16 goes 4 times. 

4 in 12 how many ? 

4 in 20 goes 5 times. 

4 in 32 how many ? 

4 in 24 goes 6 times. 

4 in 16 how many ? 

4 in 28 goes 7 times. 

4 in 36 how many ? 

4 in 32 goes 8 times. 

4 in 20 how many ? 

4 in 36 goes 9 times. 

4 in 40 how many ? 

4 in 40 gdes 10 times. 

4 in 8 how many ? 

4 in 44 goes 11 times. 

4 in 28 how many .? 

4 in 48 goes 12 times. 

4 in 48 how many ? 

How many times 4 make 28 ? 


If 28 bushels of potatoes were 

put into heaps of 4 

: bushels each, how many heaps would there be .? 

In 1 penny there are 4 farthings, 

how many pence in 

12 farthings ? 


Thirty-fourth Lesson. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

5 in 5 goes 1 time. 

5 in 10 how many ? 

5 in 10 goes 2 times. ^ 

5 in 30 how many ? 

5 in 15 goes 3 times. 

5 in 50 how many ? 

5 in 20 goes 4 times. 

5 in 20 how many ? 

5 in 25 goes 5 times. 

5 in 40 how many ? 

5 in 30 goes 6 times. 

5 in 60 how many ? 

5 in 35 goes 7 times. 

5 in 5 how many ? 

' 5 in 40 goes 8 times. 

5 in 15 how many ? 

5 in 45 goes 9 times. 

5 in 25 how many ? 

5 in 50 goes 10 times. 

5 in 35 how many ? 

5 in 55 goes 11 times. 

5 in 45 how many ? 

5 in 60 goes 12 times. 

5 in 55 how many ? 

If a good boy can earn 5 tickets 

in a day, how many 

days will it take him to earn 60 tickets ? 

If 50 dollars are to be divided among 10 poor families, 

how rnanv dollars will each have ? 


At 5 dollars a yard, how many yards will 45 dollars 

buy? 








22 


DIVISION. 



Thirty-fifth 

Tessosa. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

in 6 goes 

1 time. 

6 in 36 how many ? 

in 12 goes 

2 times. 

6 in 72 how many ? 

in 18 goes 

3 times. 

6 in 6 how many ? 

in 24 goes 

4 times. 

6 in 24 how many ? 

in 30 goes 

5 times. 

6 in 42 how many ? 

in 36 goes 

6 times. 

6 in 54 how many ? 

in 42 goes 

7 times. 

6 in 66 how many ? 

in 48 goes 

8 times. 

6 in 48 how many ? 

in 54 goes 

9 times. 

6 in 30 how many ? 

in 60 goes 

10 times. 

6 in 18 how many ? 

in 66 goes 

11 times. 

6 in 12 how many ? 

in 72 goes 

12 times. 

6 in 60 how many ? 

What will 

be the price of 1 yard of cloth when 6 yards 


cost 94 dollars ? 

How many times is 6 contained in 24 ? 

If 72 boys are divided in 12 equal classes,. how many 
boys will be in each ? 

Twelve in 72 goes how many times ? 



Thirty-sixth 

TABLE. 

7 in 7 goes 

1 time. 

7 in 14 goes 

2 times. 

7 in 21 goes 

3 times. 

7 in 28 goes 

4 times. 

7 in 35 goes 

5 times. 

7 in 42 goes 

6 times. 

7 in 49 goes 

7 times. 

7 in 56 goes 

8 times. 

7 in 63 goes 

9 times. 

7 in 70 goes 

10 times. 

7 in 77 goes 

11 times. 

7 in 84 goes 

12 times. 


JLessoair 

QUESTIONS. 

7 in 46 how many ? 
7 in 63 how many ? 
7 in 77 how many ? 
7 in 35 how many ? 
7 in 21 how many ? 
7 in 7 how many ? 
7 in 14 how many ? 
7 in 42 how many ? 
7 in 70 how many ? 
7 in 84 how many ? 
7 in 28 how many ? 
7 in 56 how many ? 


If a man pay 84 dollars for flour at 7 dollars a barrel, 
how many barrels has he ? 

If you save seventy cents in 10 months, how much is 
that a month ? 

For 28 cents how many watermelons could you buy 
at 7 cents each ? 





DIVISION. 

23 

Thirty-seven!;!! 

Lesson. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

8 in 8 goes 1 time. 

8 in 16 how many ? 

8 in 16 goes 2 times. 

8 in 32 how many ? 

8 in 24 goes 3 times. 

8 in 48 how many ? 

8 in 32 goes 4 times. 

8 in 64 how many ? 

8 in 40 goes 5 times. 

8 in 80 how many ? 

8 in 48 goes 6 times. 

8 in 96 how many ? 

8 in 56 goes 7 times. 

8 in 8 how many ? 

8 in 64 goes 8 times. 

8 in 24 how many ? 

8 in 72 goes 9 times. 

8 in 40 how many ? 

8 in 80 goes 10 times. 

8 in 56 how many ? 

8 in 88 goes 11 times. 

8 in 72 how many ? 

8 in 96 goes 12 times. 

8 in 88 how many ? 

How many pounds of beef at 8 cents per pound can be 

bought for 96 cents ? 


If you have 40 dollars, to how many men could you 

pay 8 dollars ? 


If you want to put 56 pounds of tea into boxes holding 

8 pounds each, how many boxes must you have ? 

Thirty-eighth 

lLe§s©ai. 

TABLE. 

QUESTIONS. 

9 in 9 goes 1 time. 

9 in 99 how many ? 

9 in 18 goes 2 times. 

9 in 81 how many ? 

9 in 27 goes 3 times. 

9 in 63 how many ? 

9 in 36 goes 4 times. 

9 in 45 how many ? 

9 in 45 goes 5 times. 

9 in 27 how many ? 

9 in 54 goes 6 times. 

9 in 9 how many ? 

9 in 63 goes 7 times. 

9 in 18 how many? 

9 in 72 goes 8 times. 

9 in 36 how many ? 

9 in 81 goes 9 times. 

9 in 54 how many ? 

9 in 90 goes 10 times. 

9 in 72 how many ? 

9 in 99 goes 11 times. 

9 in 90 how many ? 

9 in 108 goes 12 times. 

9 in 108 how many ? 

If a log 81 feet in length be divided into equal parts, 

how many feet long will each part be ? 

If a stage goes 54 miles in 9 

hours, how many miles 

is that an hour ? 


If you have 108 marbles in bags containing 9 marbles 

each, how many bags will you have ? 







24 


DIVISION. 


Thirty-niiiiith 



TABLE.- 


QUESTIONS. 

10 in 

10 goes 

1 time. 

10 in 20 how many ? 

10 in 

20 goes 

2 times. 

10 in 50 how many ? 

10 in 

30 goes 

3 times. 

10 in 80 how many ? 

10 in 

40 goes 

4 times. 

10 in 110 how many ? 

10 in 

50 goes 

5 times. 

10 in 10 how many ? 

10 in 

60 goes 

6 times.. 

10 in 30 how many ? 

10 in 

70 goes 

7 times. 

10 in 60 how many ? 

10 in 

80 goes 

8 times. 

10 in 90 how many ? 

10 in 

90 goes 

9 times.. 

10 in 120 how many ? 

10 in 100 goes 

10 times. 

10 in 40 how many ? 

10 in 110 goes 

11 times. 

10 in 70 how many ? 

10 in 

120 goes 

12 times. 

10 ,in 100 how many ? 

If there are 10 dollars in I ea 

gle, how many eagles will 

80 dollars make ? How many 

times is 10 contained in 

80 ? 




If figs are 10 cents a pound, how many pounds can you 

buy for 120 cents ? How many times 10 make 120 ? 



FortietSa ILessoai^ 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 

11 in 

11 goes 

1 time. 

11 in 22 how many ? 

11 in 

22 goes 

2 times. 

11 in 66 how many ? 

11 in 

33 goes 

3 times. 

11 in 110 how many ? 

11 in 

44 goes 

4 times. 

11 in 11 how many ? 

11 in 

55 goes 

5 times. 

11 in 55 how many ? 

11 in 

66 goes 

6 times. 

11 in 99 how many ? 

11 in 

77 goes 

7 times. 

11 in 33 how many ? 

11 in 

88 goes 

8 times. 

11 in 77 how many ? 

11 in 

99 goes 

9 times. 

11 in 121 how many ? 

11 in 

110 goes 

10 times. 

11 in 44 how many ? 

11 in 

121 goes 

11 times. 

11 in 88 how many ? 

11 in 

132 goes 

12 times. 

11 in 132 how many ? 

If 11 pounds 

of coffee cost 

33 shillings, what will 1 

pound cost ? 



If a sloop sail 99 miles in 

eleven hours, how many 

miles 

is that an 

hour ? 99 are how many times 11? 

If you wish to put 132 pounds of sugar into bundles of 

11 pounds each,, how many bundles must you have ? 






DIVISION. 25 


Forty-first JLessosa. 



TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 

12 in 

12 goes 

1 time. 

12 in 144 how many ? 

12 in 

24 goes 

2 times. 

12 in 120 how many ? 

12 in 

36 goes 

3 times. 

12 in 96 how many ? 

12 in 

48 goes 

4 times. 

12 in 72 how many ? 

12 in 

60 goes 

5 times. 

12 in 48 how many ? 

12 in 

72 goes 

6 times. 

12 in 24 how many ? 

12 in 

84 goes 

7 times. 

12 in 12 how many? 

12 in 

96 goes 

8 times. 

12 in 36 how many ? 

12 m 108 goes 

9 times. 

12 in 60 how many ? 

12 in 120 goes 

10 times. 

12 in 84 how many ? 

12 m 

132 goes 

11 times. 

12 in 108 how many ? 

12 in 144 goes 

12 times. 

12 in 132 how many ? 


If there are 12 inches in one foot, how many feet are 
there in 144 inches ? 144 are how many times 12 ? 

How many pounds of raisins can you buy for 60 cents, 
at 12 cents a pound ? How many times 12 in sixty ? 

In 12 windows, there are 120 panes, how many panes 
in each window ? How many times 12 in 120 ? 

If I owe a debt of 132 dollars, and pay 12 dollars a 
month, how many months will it take me to pay the 
whole ? 

If you have 108 sums to do, and wish to do them all in 
12 days, how many must you do each day ? 

If 12 men purchase a horse, that cost 96 dollars, how 
much must each man pay ? 

How many times is 12 contained in 96 ? 

If 132 guineas are to be divided among 12 men, how 
many guineas will each man have ? 

Ifyoubuyl2 penknives for 60 shillings, how much 
must you sell them at apiece, to lose nothing by the 
bargain ? 

If a stick measure 84 inches in length, how many feet 
does it contain ? 

If 72 boys are to be divided into classes containing 6 
boys each, how many classes will there be ? 

Seventy-two are how many times six ? 

Six times 12 are how many times 6 ? 

If 12 persons buy a boat for 48 dollars, how much 
must each person pay ? 


3 





26 FEDERAL AND ENGLISH MONEY, ETC. 


FEDERAL MONEY. 


Forty-second Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of federal money ? 
A. Eagles, Dollars, Dimes, Cents, and Mills. 
Repeat the Table. 


TABLE. 

10 mills, m., make 1 cent, 

10 cents 1 dime, 

10 dimes 1 dollar, 

10 dollars 1 eagle, 



QUESTIONS. 


How many cents make a dime ? 

How many cents make a dollar ? A. 100. 
How many mills make a cent ? 

How many dimes make a dollar ? 

How many dollars make an eagle ? 


ENGLISH MONEY. 

Forty-tliird Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of English money ? 
A. Pounds, Shillings, Pence, and Farthings. 

Repeat the Table. 

TABLE. 

4 farthings, qrs. make 1 penny, d. 

12 pence 1 shilling, s. 

20 shillings 1 pound, £. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many pence make a shilling ? 

How many farthings make a penny ? 

In one pound, how many shillings ? 


TROY WEIGHT. 

Forty-folirtli Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Troy weight ? 
A. Pounds, Ounces, Pennyweights, and Grains. 
Repeat the Table ? 






WEIGHTS. 


27 


TABLE. 

24 grains, gr. make 1 pennyweight, dwt. 

20 pennyweights 1 ounce, oz. 

12 ounces 1 pound, lb. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many pennyweights make an ounce ? 

In 1 pound, how many ounces ? 

How many grains make a pennyweight ? 

What is the use of Troy weight ? 

It is used to weigh jewels, gold, silver, liquors, &c. 

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. 

Forty-fiftli Lesson. 

Q . What are the denominations of Apothecaries 
weight ? 

A. Pounds, Ounces, Drams, Scruples, and Grains. 
Repeat the Table. 

TABLE. 

20 grains gr., make 1 scruple, 3 
3 scruples 1 dram, 3 

8 drams 1 ounce, g 

12 ounces 1 pound, lb. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many drams make an ounce ? 

In one scruple how many grains ? 

How many ounces make a pound ? 

In 1 dram how many scruples ? 

What is the use of Apothecaries weight ? 

It is used to mix medicines by Apothecaries, but they 
buy and sell by Avoirdupois weight. 

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 

Forty-sixtli Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Avoirdupois weight ? 
A. Tons, Hundred weight, Quarters, Pounds, Ounces, 
and Drains. * 

Repeat the Table. 






28 WEIGHTS AND MEASURE. 


TABLE. 

16 drams make 1 ounce, oz. 

16 ounces 1 pound, lb. 

28 pounds 1 quarter, qr. 

4 quarters 1 hundred weight, cwt. 

20 hundred weight 1 ton. 

QUESTIONS. 

In 1 quarter how many pounds ? 

In 1 pound how many ounces ? 

How many drams make an ounce ? 

How many quarters make a hundred weight ? 

What is the use of Avoirdupois weight ? 

It is used to weigh all coarse and drossy goods, gro¬ 
ceries, and'all metals except gold and silver. 


PROMISCUOUS WEIGHTS. 


Forty-seventh Lesson* 

How much does a barrel of beef or pork weigh ? 

200 pounds. 

How much does a barret of flour weigh ? 196 pounds. 
How much does a bushel of salt weigh ? 56 pounds. 
How much does a firkin of butter weigh ? 56 pounds. 
How much does a gallon of train oil weigh ? 7i pounds. 
How much does a stone of wire weigh ? 10i pounds. 
How much does a stone of iron weigh ? 14 pounds. 
How much dohs a faggot of steel weigh ? 120 pounds. 
How much does a fother of lead weigh ? 19 cwt. and 
2 qrs. 

CLOTH MEASURE. 


Forty-eiglttli ILessoat. 

Q. What are the denominations of Cloth Measure'? 
A* Yards, Quarters, Nails, Inches, and Ells. 

Repeat the Table. 


2| inches make 
4 nails make 
4 quarters 
2£ quarters 


TABLE. 

1 nail, n. 

1 quarter of a yard, 

1 yard, yd. 

1 ell Hamburgh, E. H. 








LONG MEASURE. 


29 


3 quarters 1 ell Flemish, E. F. 

5 quarters 1 ell English, E. E. 

6 quarters 1 ell French, E. Fr. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many nails make a quarter of a yard ? 
How many inches make a nail ? 

In an ell French how many quarters ? 

In an ell English how many quarters ? 

In an ell Flemish how many quarters ? 

What is the use of Cloth measure ? 

It is used to measure cloth, ribbons, &c. 


LONG MEASURE. 

Forty-iiiaa!h Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Long Measure ? 

A. Leagues, Miles, Furlongs, Rods or Poles, Yards, 
Feet, Inches, and Barleycorns. 

Repeat the Table. 

TABLE. 

3 barleycorns make 
12 iuches 
3 feet 
5£ yards 
40 poles 
8 furlongs 
3 miles 

60 geographic or 69J ) 
statute miles, ( 

360 degrees the circumference of the earth. 

QUESTIONS. 

In 1 rod or pole how many yards ? 

How many poles make a furlong ? 

In 1 league how many miles ? 

How many barleycorns make an inch ? • 

In 1 mile how many furlongs ? 

How many feet make a yard ? 

In 1 foot how many inches ? 

What is the use of Long Measure ? 

It is used to measure distances, or the length of any 
thing without regard to breadth. 


1 inch, in. 

1 foot, ft. 

1 yard, yd. 

1 rod or pole, p. 
1 furlong, fur. 

1 mile, M. 

1 league, L. 

1 degree, Deg. 


3 * 










30 LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE. 


LONG MEASURE. ( Continued .) 

Fiftieth ILesson. 

How many geographic miles make a degree ? 60. 

How many statute miles make a degree ? 69J[. 

How many degrees make the circumference of the 
earth ? 360. 

How many feet make a fathom ? 6. 

What is measured by the fathom ? The depth of wa¬ 
ter. 

How many inches make a hand ? 4. 

What is measured by the hand ? The height of horses. 
How many inches make a link ? 7 and 92 hundredths. 
How many links make a chain ? 100. 

How many feet make a chain ? 66. 

How many rods make a chain ? 4. 

How many chains make a mile ? 80. 

How many lines make an inch ? 10. 


LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE. 

Fifty-first Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Square Measure ? 
A. Square Miles, Square Acres, Square Roods, Square 
Poles, Square Yards, Square Feet, and Square Inches. 
Repeat the Table. 

TABLE. 

144 square inches, s. i., make 1 square foot, S. F. 

9 square feet 1 square yard, S. Y. 

30i square yards 1 square rod, pole or perch, S. P. 

40 square poles 1 square rood, S. R. 

4 square roods 1 square acre, S. A. 

640 square acres 1 square mile, S. M. 

QUESTIONS. 

Is 1 square foot how many square inches ? 

In 1 square acre how many square roods ? 

How many square yards in 1 square pole ? 

In 1 square yard how many square feet 2 
How many square acres in 1 square mile ? 

How many square rods make 1 square rood ? 

In 1 square pole how many square yards ? 







SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE. 31 


What is the use of Square Measure ? 

It is used in measuring the contents of land, or any 
thing that has length and breadth. 


SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE. 


Fifty-second. Lesson. 


Q. What are the denominations of Solid Measure 2 
A. Cords, Tons, Solid Yards, Solid Feet, Solid Inches. 
Repeat the Table. 


TABLE. 

1728 solid inches make 
27 solid feet 
40 feet of round timber 
50 feet of hewn timber 
128 feet 


1 solid foot, Sd. F. 
1 solid yard, Sd. Y. 
1 ton, T. 

1 ton, T. 

1 cord of wood, C. 


QUESTIONS. 

How many solid feet make 1 solid yard 2 
In 1 cord of wood how many feet? 

In a ton of jound timber how many feet ? 

How many feet make 1 ton of hewn timber ? 

In 1 solid foot how many solid inches 2 
What is the use of solid measure ? 

It is used in reckoning the solid contents of any thing 
that has length, breadth, and thickness. 


DRY MEASURE. 


Fifty-tliird Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Dry Measure ? 
A. Bushels, Pecks, Quarts, and Pints. 

Repeat the table. 


TABLE. 

2 pints, pt., make 
8 quarts 
4 pecks 
8 bushels 
36 bushels 


1 quart, qt. 

1 peck, p. 

1 bushel, bu. 

1 quarter of corn, qr. 
1 chaldron, dial. 


questions. , 

How many bushels make 1 quarter of corn ? 
How many quarts make 1 peck 2 








LIQUID MEASURE. 


32 


In 1 chaldron of coals how many bushels ? 

In 1 bushel how many pecks ? 

How many pints make 1 quart ? 

What is the use of Dry measure ? 

It is used in measuring grain, fruit, salt, coal, and 
seeds. 



LIQUID MEASURE. 


Fifty-foiartfii Lesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Liquid measure ? 

A. Tuns, Pipes, Hogsheads, Gallons, Quarts, Pints, 
and Gills. 

Repeat the Table. 


4 gills make 
2 pints 
4 quarts 
63 gallons 
2 hogsheads 
2 pipes 


TABLE. 


1 pint, pt. 

1 quart, qt. 

1 gallon, gal. 

1 hogshead, hhd. 
1 pipe, p. 

1 tun, t. 


QUESTIONS. 

How many pints make a quart ? 

In 1 gallon how many quarts ? 

In 1 hogshead how many gallons ? 

In 1 quart how many pints ? 

In 1 pipe how many hogsheads ? 

In 1 tun how many pipes ? 

How many gallons make 1 anchor, an. ? A. 10. 

How many gallons make a runlet, R. ? 18. 

How many gallons make a barrel, bl. ? 31£. 

How many gallons make a tierce, t. ? 42. 

How many gallons make a puncheon, pu. ? 84. 

How many gallons make a pipe, P. ? 126. 

How many gallons make a tun,T. ? 252. 

For what purpose is Liquid measure used ? 

It is used to measure spirits, wine, oil, beer, vinegar, 
and milk. 





TIME. 


33 


TIME. 

Fifty-fiftli ILesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Time ? 

A. Years, Months, Weeks, Days, Hours, Minutes, and 
Seconds. Repeat the Table. 

TABLE. 

60 seconds make 
60 minutes 
24 hours 
7 days 
4 weeks 
12 months 
100 years 

QUESTIONS. 

How many lunar months in 1 year? 
months, 1 day, and 6 houfs. 

How many calendar months in 1 year ? 12. 

How many days in 1 year ? 365 days 6 hours. 

In 1 month how many weeks ? 

In 1 minute how many seconds ? 

How many days make 1 week ? 

In 1 hour how many minutes ? 

In 1 day how many hours ? 

What is the use of this Table ? 

It is used in reckoning portions of time. 

T I M E ( Continued.) 


1 minute, m. 
1 hour, h. 

1 day, d. 

1 week, w. 

1 month, mo, 
1 year, yr. 

1 century, c. 


A. 13 lunar 


Fifty- 

January, the 
February, 
March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 
September, the 
October, the 
November, the 
December, the 


the 

the 

the 

the 

the 

the 

the 


sixth ILessoBi. 

1st month, has 31 days. 
2d month, has 28- days. 
3d month, has 31 days. 
4th month, has 30 days. 
5th month, has 31 days. 
6th month, has 30 days. 
7th month, has 31 days. 
8th month, has 31 days. 
9th month, has 30 days.^ 
10th month, has 31 days, 
llth' month, has 30 days. 
12th month, has 31 days. 












TIME. 


34 


Q. Which months have 31 days ? 

A. January, March, May, July, August, October, and 
December. 

Which months have 30 days ? 

April, June, September, and November. 

Which month has 28 days ? A. February. 

How often has February 29 days ? A. Once in 4 years. 
What is that year called ? A. Leap-year. 

How many days are there in leap-year ? A. 366. 

Q. On what account is this one day added ? 

Q. To make up for the 6 hours which each year con¬ 
tains over 365 days; which, every 4 years, amounts to 
24 hours, or one day. 

Q. How can you tell if any year is leap-year ? 

A. Divide the date by four, and if nothing remains, it 
is leap year. 

Q. Can you recite the verse showing the number of 
days in each month ? 

Thirty days has September, 

April, June, and November, 

All the rest have thirty-one, 

Excepting February alone, 

Which has but four and twenty-four, 

And every fourth year one day more. 


Which are the Spring months ? A. March, April, and 
May. 

Which are the Summer months ? A. June, July, and 
August. 

Which are the Autumn months ? A. September, Oc¬ 
tober, and November. 

Which are the Winter months ? A. December, Jan¬ 
uary, and February. 



MOTION. 


Fifty-seventh Fesson. 

Q. What are the denominations of Motion ? 

A. Circles, Signs, Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds. 
Repeat the Table. 








PAPER, PARCHMENT, AND BOOKS. 35 


TABLE. 

60 seconds make 1 minute, m. 

60 minutes 1 degree, d. 

30 degrees 1 sign, s. 

12 signs, or 360 degrees, 1 circle of the Zodiac. 

QUESTIONS. 

How many minutes make 1 degree 'l 

How many degrees in the circle of the Zodiac ? 

In 1 minute how many Seconds ? 

In 1 sign how many degrees ? 

By whom is this table used ? 

By Astronomers, Navigators, &c. 



PAPER, PARCHMENT, AND BOOKS. 

Fifty-eighth. Lesson. 


TABLE. 


24 sheets of Paper, make 

1 quire. 

20 quires, 

1 ream. 

2 reams, 

1 bundle. 

10 reams, 

1 bale. 

12 skins of Parchment, 

1 dozen. 

5 dozen, 

1 roll. 

2 leaves, or 4 pages, make 1 sheet folio. 

4 leaves, or 8 pages, 

1 sheet quarto. 

8 leaves, or 16 pages, 

1 sheet octavo. 

12 leaves, or 24 pages,' 

1 sheet duodecimo. 

18 leaves, or 36 pages, 

1 sheet eighteens. 

24 leaves, or 48 pages, 

1 sheet twenty-fours. 


QUESTIONS. 

How many reams make a bale ? 

How many quires make a ream ? 

How many reams make a bundle ? 

How many sheets make a quire ? 

How many skins make a dozen ? 

How many dozen make a roll ? 

How many leaves or pages in a sheet octavo ? 
How many leaves or pages in a sheet eighteens ? 






PENCE TABLE. 


36 

PENCE TABLE. 


Fifty-ninth Fesson. 



TABLE. 




QUESTIONS. 



12 

pence 

are 

Is. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

24 

pence 

? 

24 

pence 

are 

2s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

144 

pence 

? 

36 

pence 

are 

3s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

36 

pence 

? 

48 

pence 

are 

4s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

132 

pence 

? 

60 

pence 

are 

5s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

84 

pence 

? 

72 

pence 

are 

6s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

108 

pence 

? 

84 

pence 

are 

7s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

12 

pence 

? 

96 

pence 

are 

8s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

120 

pence 

? 

108 

pence 

are 

9s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

72 

pence 

? 

120 

pence 

are 10s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

48 

pence 

? 

132 

pence 

are 11s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

96 

pence 

? 

144 

pence 

are 12 s. 

How 

many 

shillings 

in 

60 

pence 

? 


PENCE TABLE. ( Cwitinued .) 


Sixtieth JLesson. 


TABLE. 


QUESTIONS. 

20d. are 

Is. 

8 d. 

How many shillings in 

30 pence ? 

30 d. are 

2s. 

6d. 

How many shillings in 

60 pence ? 

40 d. are 

3s. 

4 d. 

How many shillings in 

90 pence ? 

50 d. are 

4s. 

2 d. 

How many shillings in 

120 pence ? 

60d are 

5s. 

0 d. 

How many shillings in 

20 pence ? 

10d. are 

5 s. 

10 d. 

How many shillings in 

50 pence ? 

80 d. are 

6s. 

8 d. 

How many shillings in 

80 pence ? 

90 d. are 

7s 

fid. 

How many shillings in 

110 pence ? 

lOOd. are 

8s. 

4 d. 

How many shillings in 

40 pence ? 

110c?. are 

9s. 

2 d. 

How many shillings in 

70 pence ? 

120 d. are 

10s. 

0 d. 

How many shillings in 

100 pence ? 


How many shillings in 72 pence ? 
How many shillings in 80 pence? 
How many shillings in 84 pence ? 
How many shillings in 90 pence ? 
How many shillings in 96 pence ? 
How many shillings in 108 pence? 
How many shillings in 120 pence? 
How many shillings in 100 pence ? 
How many shillings in 144 pence? 





TABLE OF CURRENCIES. 37 


SHILLING TABLE. 


Sixty-first Lesson. 



TABLE. 


£ 

s. 

20 

shillings 

are 

1 . 

00. 

30 

shillings 

are 

1 . 

10. 

40 

shillings 

are 

2. 

00. 

50 

shillings 

are 

2. 

10. 

60 

shillings 

are 

3. 

00. 

70 

shillings 

are 

3. 

10. 

80 

shillings 

are 

4. 

00. 

90 

shillings 

are 

4. 

10. 

100 

shillings 

are 

5. 

00. 

110 

shillings 

are 

5. 

10. 

120 

shillings 

are 

6. 

00. 


QUESTIONS. 

How many pounds in 60s. ? 
How many pounds in 120s. ? 
How many pounds in 20s. ? 
How many pounds in 50s. 1 
How many pounds in 30s. ? 
How many pounds in 70s. ? 
How many pounds in 100s. ? 
How many pounds in 80s. ? 
How many pounds in 40s. ? 
How many pounds in 90s. ? 
How many pounds in 110s. ? 


TABLE OF CURRENCIES. 

Sixty-second Lesson. 

New-York Currency . 


TABLE. QUESTIONS. 


s. 

a. 








s. 

a. 



6 

pence 

are 

64 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

1. 

? 

Is. 

or 12 

pence 

are 

m 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

2. 

o ? 

1. 

6 

or 18 

pence 

are 

18f 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

3. 

o ? 

2. 


or 24 

pence 

are 

25 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

4. 

0 ? 

2. 

6 

or 30 

pence 

are 

3 H 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

5. 

0? 

3. 


or 36 

pence 

are 

37£ 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

6. 

0? 

3. 

6 

or 42 

pence 

are 

43f 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

7. 

0? 

4. 


or48 

pence 

are 

50 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

8. 

0? 

4. 

6 

or 54 

pence 

are 

564 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

0. 

6? 

5. 


or 60 

pence 

are 

62£ 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

1. 

6? 

5. 

6 

or 66 

pence 

are 

68| 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

2. 

6? 

6. 


or 72 

pence 

are 

75 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

3. 

6? 

6. 6 

or 78 

pence 

are 

814 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

4. 

6? 

7. 


or 84 

pence 

are 

87| 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

5. 

6? 

7. 

6 

or 90 

pence 

are 

93| 

cents. 

How 

many cents 

in 

7. 

6? 

8. 


or 96 

pence 

are 

100 

cents, 

or 1 Dollar. 





4 







CURRENCY. 


38 


UNITED STATE^QUERENCY. 

Sixty-tliird Lesson. 

Q. In what states do 6 shillings make a dollar ? 

A. In all the Eastern states, and Virginia, Ohio, Ken¬ 
tucky, and Tennessee. 

Q. How many cents and mills make a shilling in 
these states ? 

A. 16 cents and 6 mills. 

Q. In what states do 8 shillings make a dollar ? 

A. New-York and North Carolina. 

Q. How many cents and mills make a shilling in 
New-York and North Carolina ? 

A. 12 cents and 5 mills. 

Q. What states have 4 shillings and 8 pence to a 
dollar ? 

A. South Carolina and Georgia. 

Q. How many cents and mills make a shilling in 
South Carolina and Georgia ? 

A. 21 cents and 4 mills. 

Q. In what states are there 7 shillings and 6 pence in 
a dollar ? 

A. New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary¬ 
land. 

Q. How many cents and mills make a shilling in 
these states ? 

A. 13 cents and 3 mills. 

BRITISJI^CURRENCY. 

Sixty-fourtSi Lesson. 

Q. In Canada and Nova Scotia, how many shillings 
make a dollar ? A. 5 shillings. 

Q. How many cents make a shilling there ? A. 20. 

Q. How many shillings and pence, English or Sterling 
money, make a dollar ? A. 4 shillings and 6 pence. 

Q. How many cents and mills, make a shilling Ster¬ 
ling ? A. 22 cents and 2 mills. 

Q. How many shillings and pence, Irish money, make 
a dollar ? A. 4 shillings and 10i pence. 

Q. How many cents and mills make a shilling, Irish 
money ? A. 20 cents and 5 mills. 




CURRENCY. 


39 


Q. How many pounds and shillings, are in a mol 
dore ? A. £1. 7s. 

Q. How much is a sovereign ? A. £ 1. 

Q. How much is a guineh? A. £ 1. Is. 

Q. How much is a half guinea? A. 10s. 6d. 

Q. How much is a crown ? A. 5 shillings. 

Q. How much is a half crown ? A. 2s. 6d. 

Q. How many dollars and cents in a pound Sterling ? 
A. $4. 44 cents, and 4 ninths of a cent 


Sixty-fifth Lesson. 


Coins which pass Current in the United States. 


GOLD. 


$ 

cts. 

m. 

How much is a Johannes ? 

_ 

16 

00 


How much is a Doubloon ? 

_ 

14 

93 


How much is a Moidore ? 

„ 

6 

00 


How much is an English Guinea ? 

_ 

4 

66 

7 

How much is a French Guinea ? 

_ 

4 

60 

0 

How much is a Spanish Pistole ? 

_ 

3 

77 

3 

How much is a French Pistole ? 

- 

3 

66 

7 

SILVER. 





How much is an English or French Crown ? 

1 

10 


How much is an English Shilling ? 

- 


22 

2 

How much is a Pistareen ? 

" 


20 


A LIST OE ALIQUOT OR 

EYEN 

PARTS. 


Sixty-sixtli lissom. 

Even Parts of a Shilling. 
TABLE. 


12 

pence 

is 

1 shilling. 

6 

pence 

is 

| one half of a shilling. 

4 

pence 

is 

^ one third of a shilling. 

3 

pence 

is 

\ one fourth of a shilling. 

2 

pence 

is 

\ one sixth of a shilling. 

li pence 

is 

| one eighth of a shilling. 

1 

penny 

is 

-i 2 - one twelfth of a shilling. 







40 ALIQUOT OR EVEN PARTS. 


What part of a shilling is 4 pence ? 

What part of a shilling is 1 penny ? 

What part of a shilling is 3 pence 2 
What part of a shilling is l-*- pence 2 
What part of a shilling is 6 pence 2 

Sixty-seventli Lesson. 

Even Parts of a Pound . 

TABLE. 

20s. is 1 pound. 

10s. is ^ one half of a pound. 

6s. 8 d. is £ one third of a pound. 

5s. is ^ one fourth of a pound. 

4s. is £ one fifth of a pound. 

3s. 4 d. is 4 one sixth of a pound. 

2s. 6d. is | one eighth of a pound 

2s. is -jL; one tenth of a pound. 

QUESTIONS. 

What part of a pound is 6s. 8 d. 7 
What part of a pound is 3s. 4c?. 2 
What part of a pound is 10s. 2 

What part of a pound is 5s. 2 

What part of a pound is 2s. 6d. 2 
What part of a pound is 4s. 2 

What part of a pound is 2s. 2 

Sixty-eight Si Lesson- 

Even Parts of a Doltar. 

TABLE. 

100 cents is 1 dollar. 

75 cents is f three fourths of a dollar. 
50 cents is 4 one. half of a dollar. 

25 cents is 4 one. fourth of a dollar. 

12| cents is § one eighth of a dollar. 

64 cents is ds one sixteenth of a dollar. 

QUESTIONS'. 

What part of a dollar is 75 eents 2 
What part of a dollar is 25 cents 2 
What part of a dollar is 64 eents 2 
What part of a dollar is 50 cents 2 
What part of a dollar is 124 cents 7 







ALIQUOT OR EVEN PARTS- 41 


Sixty-fliiatli Lesson. 

Even Parts of a Hundred Weight 


112 pounds is 1 
56 pounds is \ 
28 pounds is 4 
16 pounds is 7 
14 pounds is 5 
8 pounds is i4r 
7 pounds is ^ 
4 pounds is 


TABLE. 

hundred weight, 
one half of a hundred weight 
one fourth of a hundred weight 
one seventh of a hundred weight 
one eighth of a hundred weight, 
one fourteenth of a hundred weight 
one sixteenth of a hundred weight- 
one twenty-eighth of a cwt. 


What part 
What part 
What part 
What part 
What part 
What part 
What part 


20 cwt. 
10 cwt. 

5 cwt. 

4 cwt 
2 cwt. 2 
2 cwt. 

1 cwt. 


QUESTIONS. 

of a hundred weight is 56 pounds ? 
of a hundred weight is 16 pounds ? 
of a hundred weight is 14 pounds ? 
of a hundred weight is 7 pounds ? 
of a hundred weight is 8 pounds 1 
of a hundred weight is 4 pounds ? 
of a hundred weight is 28 pounds ? 


Seventietli Wesson. 

Even Parts of a Ton . 


is 

1 

TABLE. 

ton. 

is 

h 

one half of a ton. 

is 

4 

one fourth of a ton. 

is 

± 

5 

one fifth of a ton. 

qrs.is 

8 

one eighth of a ton. 

is 

tV 

one tenth of a ton. 


is -gig- one twentieth of a ton. 

QUESTIONS. 


What part of a ton is 5 cwt. ? 

What part of a ton is 2 cwt. ? 

What part of a ton is 10 cwt. ? 

What part of a ton is 1 cwt. ? 

What part of a ton is 2 cwt. 2 qrs. ? 
What part of a ton is 4 cwt. ? 


END OF THE TABLES. 


4 * 







( 42 ) 

FRACTIONS. 

Q. What is a Fraction l 

A. It is a part of a unit, or any thing which has been divided. 
Q. If an apple is cut into 2 equal parts, what is each part called ? 
A. One half—(Jp. 

Q. If any thing is divided into 3 equal parts, what is each part 
called l _ A. One third—(£). 


Q. What part of a foot is one inch? 

A . One twelfth—(yV 

Q. Why? 

A. Because 12 inches make a foot, therefore a foot divided into 
12 equal parts, each part will be one inch, or -fg- of a foot. 

inches. 

.one foot. 

Q. How is a Fraction written in figures? 

A. By placing the number by which the unit is divided under 
the number of parts used, and draw ing a line between. 

Q. What is the lower number called ? 

A. The Denominator. 

Q. What is the upper number called ? 

A. The Numerator. 

Q. What does the Denominator show ? 

A. The number of parts into which the unit is divided. 

Q. What does the Numerator show ? 

A. The number of the parts used. 

Q. If the Numerator and the Denominator are equal, what 
does the Fraction represent ? A. One. 

Q. When the Numerator is greater than the Denominator, 
what is the Fraction called ? 

A. An Improper Fraction. 

Q. Why is it called an Improper Fraction ? 

A. Because it represents more than enough parts to make one. 

Q. What is a Decimal Fraction ? 

A. It is a part of a unit which has been divided one or more 
times by 10. 

Q. How are Decimal Fractions written In figures ? 

A. As whole numbers, from a point indicating the place for 
tenths toward the right hand. 

Q. In what proportion does the value of figures expressing De¬ 
cimal Fractions decrease toward the right hand ? 

A. They decrease one tenth for each place toward the right, 
the same as w'hole numbers. 

Q. What is the value of 5 when standing next to the right of 
the Decimal point ? 

A. Five tenths—(5-10). 

Q. What is the value of .05 if in the second place from the 
point ? 

A. Five hundredths. 

Q. In the third place .005? A. Five thousandths. 


1 2345-6789 10 11 12 










AN 



First Lesson. 

Q. What is Arithmetic ? 

A. Arithmetic is the art of computing or calculating by 
numbers. 

Q. What are the principal rules of Arithmetic ? 

A. Numeration, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, 
and Division. 

Q. What does Numeration teach ? 

A. Numeration teaches to write any number in figure*, 
and to read any number which is written in figures. 

Q. What does Addition teach ? 

A. Addition teaches the method of collecting several 
numbers into one. 

Q. What does Subtraction teach ? 

A. Subtraction teaches the method of taking a less 
number from a greater, and shows the difference between 
them. 

Q. What does Multiplication teach ? 

A. Multiplication teaches the method of finding the 
amount of any number of times a given number. 

Q. What does Division teach ? 

A. Division teaches the method of finding how many 
times a less number is contained in a greater. 



NUMERATION. 


Second Lesson. 

Q. What does Numeration teach ? 

A. Numeration teaches to write any number in figures, 
and to read any number which is written in figures. 

Q. How many figures are there, and what are they 
called ? 





NUMERATION. 



A . Ten; namely, 1, called one; 2, two ; 3, three; 4, 
four ; 5, five ; 6, six ; 7, seven ; 8, eight ; 9, nine ; 0, 
nought, or cipher. 

Q. How is the number known for which a figure 
stands ? 

A. By the place it occupies. 

Q. How are the places of figures numbered ? 

A. From the right hand to the left. 

Q. What do all figures in the first place stand for ? 

A. Units, or ones. 

In the second place ? Tens. 

In the third place? Hundreds. 

In the fourth place ? Thousands. 

In the fifth place ? Tens of thousands. 

In the sixth place ? Hundreds of thousands. 

In the seventh place ? Millions. 

Q. What is the use of the cipher ? 

A. It is used to fill the places unoccupied by other figures. 
What would 1 stand for in the first place ? 1. 

What would 1 stand for in the second place? 10. 

What would 1 stand for in the third place ? 100. 

What would 1 stand for in the fourth place ? 1000. 
What would 1 stand for in the fifth place ? 10000. 

What would 1 stand for in the sixth place ? 100000. 
What would 1 stand for in the seventh place ? 1000000. 
Q. How much does a figure increase every time it is 
removed one place towards the left hand ? A. Ten times. 


Tlaird ILessoai. 

Q. What is the seventh place of figures called ? 
A. The Million’s place. 

Q. What is the sixth place of figures called ? 

A. The Hundreds of Thousand’s place. 

Q. What is the fifth place of figures called ? 

A. The Tens of Thousand’s place. 

Q. What is the fourth place of figures called ? 
A. The Thousand’s place. 

Q. What is the third place of figures called ? 

A. The Hundred’s place. 

Q. What is the second place of figures called ? 
A. The Ten’s place. 





ADDITION. 


45 


Q. What is the first place of figures called ? 

A. The Unit’s place. 

What would 3 stand for in the second place ? 30. 

What would 9 stand for in the fourth place ? 9000. 

What would 7 stand for in the sixth place ? 700000, 

What would 5 stand for in the first place ? 5. 

What would 6 stand for in the fifth place ? 60000. 

What would 8 stand for in the seventh place ? 8000000. 


ADDITI ON. 

Fourth Lesson. 

Q. What does Addition teach ? 

A. Addition teaches the method of collecting several 
numbers into one. 

Q. How do you place the numbers to be added ? 

A. Under one another, the units under units, tens un¬ 
der tens, hundreds under hundreds, &c. 

Q. Which column do you add up first ? 

A. The right hand column, or the units. 

Q. If the amount be less than 10, what do you do ? 

A. I set it down under the column which I added. 

Q. If the amount be 10 or more, what do you do ? 

A. I set down the right hand figure, and add the left 
to the next column. 

Q. What do you do with the amount of the last 
column ? 

A. I set the whole of it down. 

Q. What is the number called which you find by 
adding together the several numbers ? 

A. The amount or sum. 

Q. How do you prove a sum in Addition ? 

A. By adding it downwards. 

EXAMPLES. 

1 . James has 12 marbles, John 14, William 18, and 
George 20, how many have they together ? 

James has 12 
John has 14 
William has 18 
George has 20 

Amount 64 marbles. 






ADDITION. 


46 


2. What will be the amount of 19, 62, 91, 110, 350, 
and 6, added together ? 

19 

62 

91 

110 

350 

6 


Amount 638. 

3. Add 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, together. Ans. 45. 

4. If you buy a book for 16 cents, a slate for 25 cents, 

a knife for 38 cents, and a map for 88 cents, what will 
they all come to ? Ans. 167. 

5. If a man owe 42 dollars borrowed money, 26 dol¬ 
lars for clothes, 33 dollars for board, and 10 dollars for 
shoes, how much does he owe in all ? Ans. $111. 

6. If one boy have 68 tickets, another 70, another 75, 

another 82, another 96, and another 100, how many have 
they together ? Ans. 491 tickets. 

7. What is the sum of 120, 640, 320, and 586 ? 

Ans. 1666. 

8. If a lady spend 9 dollars for a bonnet, 27 dollars 
for a shawl, 23 dollars for a dress, 6 dollars for a comb, 
and 2 dollars for shoes, how much does she lay out ? 

Ans. $67. 

9. Add 972, 864, 599, 603, 496, and 108 together. 

Ans. 3642. 

10. What is the amount of 4903, 2468, and 7996 ? 

Ans. 15367. 

11. A gentleman bought a span of horses for 420 dol¬ 

lars, a carriage for 378 dollars, the harness cost him 125 
dollars, and he built a stable which cost him 756 dollars, 
what did he pay for the whole ? Ans. $1679. 

12. Add one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine, 

seven hundred and fifty-two, three hundred and forty- 
eight, and nine together. Ans. 2938. 

13. If a man in business make 400 dollars the first year, 

460 dollars the second, 735 the third, 1000 the fourth, 
1260 the fifth, and 1500 the sixth, how much does he 
make in the whole time ? Ans. $5355. 





ADDITION. 


47 


14. What is the amount of 1820, 7862, 9483, and 

10000? Ans. 29165. 

15. What is the sum of three thousand four hundred 

and sixty two, nineteen thousand five hundred and six, 
twenty-eight thousand and forty-seven, three hundred 
and two, and fifty-six ? Ans. 51373. 

16. If from the creation of the world to the deluge there 

were 1656 years, and from that to the birth of Christ 
2348 years, and from that to the discovery of America 
1492 years, and from that to the declaration of Independ¬ 
ence 284 years, and from the declaration of Independence 
to the present time, one thousand eight hundred and 
twenty-nine, 53 years, how many years have elapsed since 
the creation of the world ? Ans. 5833 years. 

17. The distance from Boston to New-Haven is 162 

miles, from thence to New-York 88 miles, from thence to 
Philadelphia 95 miles, from thence to Baltimore 102 
miles, from thence to Charleston, South Carolina, 716 
miles, and from thence to Savannah 119 miles, how far is 
it from Boston to Savannah ? Ans. 1282 miles. 

18. The ancient city of Rome was founded 752 years 

before Christ; how many years have elapsed from that 
time to the year 1829? Ans. 2581 years. 

19. Money was first made of gold and silver at Argos, 

eight hundred and ninety-four years before the birth of 
Christ; how long had money been in use in the year 
eighteen hundred ? Ans. 2694 years. 

20. What is the amount of 49003,7430,481,62, and 4 ? 

Ans. 56980. 

21. If one man is worth 12500 dollars, and another 
is worth 16000 dollars, and another is worth 25500 dol¬ 
lars, and another is worth 58600 dollars, and another is 
worth 100000 dollars, and another is worth 200500 dol¬ 
lars, how much monev are they all worth together ? 

Ans. 413100. 

22. How often does a clock strike in 12 hours ? 

Ans. 78 times. 

23. If I set down 4850 three times, and 5672 four 
times, and 18469 once, what will they amount to ? 

Ans. 55707. 

24. Augustus was bora in the year 1807 ; in what 

year was lie 21 years of age? Ans. 1828. 






48 ADDITION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 


ADDITION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 

Q. How is Addition of Federal money performed ? 

A. By placing the dollars under dollars, cents under 
cents, and mills under mills, and proceeding to add as 
before. 

Q. How do you separate the dollars, cents, and mills ? 

A . By placing a point between them. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If I pay 5 dollars and 50 cents for a hat, and 22 
dollars and 75 cents for a coat, and 9 dollars, 87 cents, 5 
mills, for a pair of pantaloons, and 6 dollars for a pair of 
boots, what do I pay for the whole ? 



$ 

cts. 

m. 

Hat 

5. 

50. 

0 . 

Coat 

22. 

75. 

0 . 

Pantaloons 

9. 

87. 

5. 

Boots 

6. 

00. 

0 . 

Amount $44. 

12. 

5. 


2. What is the sum of $878. 11 cents, $136. 71 cents, 

$344. 18 cts., and $365.? Ans. $1724. 

3. If one man earn thirty-eight dollars and forty-four 

cents, another twenty-three dollars and six cents, another 
thirteen dollars and forty-six cents, and another five 
dollars and seventy-four cents, what do they all earn to¬ 
gether ? Ans. Eighty dollars and seventy cents. 

4. If a geography cost 25 cts. an atlas $1. 75 cts., a 
preceptor 25 cts., a dictionary 37 cts., 5 mills, and a table 
book 6 cts., what do they all come to ? Ans. $2. 68. 5. 

5. If one man owe me $349. 25 cts., another $729. 88 
cts., another $176. 49 cts., and another $1000, how much 
is coming to me from the four ? Ans. $2255. 62 cts. 

6. If I owe to one man forty-seven dollars and eighty- 

six cents, to another seventy-five dollars, to another one 
hundred and twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents, and to 
another five hundred dollars, how much am I indebted 
altogether? Ans. $750. 36 cts. 

7. If I buy a lot of ground for $3300, and build a house 
on it which costs me $2783. 76 cents, and pay for paving 
the walk and yard $47. 85 cts., 5 m., and $39. 49 cts. for 
taxes; I wish to sell it so as to clear eight hundred dollars; 
how much must I ask for it ? Ans. $6971.10 cts. 5 m. 





SUBTRACTION. 49 


SUBTRACTION. 


Q. What does Subtraction teach ? 

A. Subtraction teaches the method of taking a less 
number from a greater, and it, shows the difference be¬ 
tween the two. 

Q. What terms are used in Subtraction ? 

A. Minuend, Subtrahend, and Remainder. 

Q. What is the Minuend ? 

A. It is the greater number. 

Q. What is the Subtrahend? 

A. It is the less number. 

Q. What is the Remainder ? 

A. It is the difference between the greater and less 
number. 

Q. How do you place numbers in Subtraction ? 

A . I place the less number under the greater, the units 
under units, tens under tens, &c. 

Q. How do you proceed ? 

A. I commence at the right hand, and subtract the 
lower figure from the upper, and set down the difference 
Under it. 

Q. When the lower figure is greater than the upper 
what do you do ? 

A. I subtract the lower figure from 10, and add the 
difference to the upper figure, which sum I set down. 

Q. When the lower figure is taken from 10, what do 
you do ? 

A. I add 1 to the next lower figure. 

Q. How do you prove a sum in Subtraction ? 

A. I add the remainder to the less number, and if the 
amount equal the greater number the work is cprrect. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If a man owe 75 dollars, and pay 25 dollars of it, 
how much would he owe then ? 

Minuend 75 

Subtrahend 25 

Remainder 50 Dollars. 

2. How much more is 356 dollars than 245 dollars ? 

Ans. $111. 


5 






50 


SUBTRACTION". 


3. Cleveland has 156 tickets, and Richard has 94 5 
how many has Cleveland more than Richard ? 

Minuend 156 

Subtrahend 94 

Remainder 62 Tickets. 

4. If a man have 3450 dollars, and pay 1675 dollars 
for a farm, how much money will he have left ? 

Minuend 3450 
Subtrahend 1675 


Remainder 1775 Dollars. 

5. If you take 125 oranges out of 250, how many will 

be left? Ans. 125 oranges. 

6. If you have 450 cents, and spend 245 of them, how 

many will you have left ? Ans. 205 cents. 

7. If a man have 720 bushels of potatoes, and sell 364 
bushels of them, how many will he have left ? 

Ans. 356 bushels. 

8. From five hundred and forty-eight take three hun¬ 
dred and seventy-five. Ans. 173. 

9. If I buy a house and lot for 2500 dollars, and the 
lot is worth 1820 dollars, how much is the house worth ? 

Ans. $680. 

10. America was discovered in the year 1492 ; how 

many years had passed from that time to the declaration 
of Independence, 1776 ? Ans. 284 years. 

11. General Washington was born in the year 1732, 
and died in the year 1799, how old was he when he died ? 

Ans. 67 years. 

12. Subtract 3927 from 4234. Ans. 307. 

13. A man bought a cargo of 15000 oranges, and he 
lost 645(f that rotted, how many had he left ? Ans. 8550. 

14. If Boston contain 71300 inhabitants, and New- 

York 185300, how many more inhabitants are there in 
New-York than in Boston ? Ans. 114,000. 

15. If London has 1,050000 inhabitants, and New- 

York 185300, how many more inhabitants has London 
than New-York ? Ans. 864700. 

16. From one hundred thousand dollars if you take 
sixteen thousand and forty-five, how many will be left ? 

Ans. 83955. 







SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 51 


17. If a house is destroyed by fire which is worth 4975 

dollars, and only 3500 dollars is insured on it, how much 
must the owner lose ? , Ans. 1475 dollars. 

18. The art of printing was discovered in the year 
1440 ; how many years is it to this date, 1829 ? Ans. 389. 

19. Gunpowder was invented in 1340 ; how many 
years have elapsed to this time, 1829 ? Ans. 489 years. 

20. The mariner’s compass, was invented in the year 
1302 ; how many years had passed from that time to the 
discovery of the passage to the East Indies by doubling 
the Cape of Good Hope, in 1479 ? Ans. 177 years. 

21. What is the difference between 35678 and 12436 ? 

Ans. 23242. 

22. From 561374 take 384261. Ans. 177113. 

23. From 100000 take 1. Ans. 99999. 

24. From 100000 take 99999. Ans. 1. 

25. If you take thirteen thousand and six from twenty- 
five thousand, how many will remain ? Ans. 11994. 


SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 


Q. How is Subtraction of Federal Money performed ? 

A. By placing the dollars, cents, and mills, of the less 
number, under those of the greater, each under each, 
and proceeding as in Simple Subtraction, separating the 
dollars, cents, and mills, as before. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If John’s clothes cost $16. 25 cts., and George’s 
cost $14. 62 cts. 5 m., how much do John’s come lomore 
than George’s ? $ cts. m. 

Minuend 16. 25. 0. 

Subtrahend 14. 62. 5. 


Remainder 1. 62. 5. Answer. 

2. If I owe $52. 75 cts., and pay $25. 50 cts. on it, how 

much do I then owe ? Ans. $27. 25 cts. 

3. I bought a horse and gig for $337. 50 cts. and sold 

it again for $400 ; how much did I make by the bar¬ 
gain ? Ans. $62. 50 cts. 

4. A merchant having failed who owed me $753. 87 

cts. 5 m. and was able to pay me $463. 75 cts., how much 
did I -lose ? Ans. $290. 12 cts. 5 mills. 








MULTIPLICATION. 


52 


5. A person who receives $650 a year, spends $438. 
62 cts. 5 m.; how much does he save at the year’s end ? 

Ans. $211. 37 cts. 5 m. 

6. A man bought 4 firkins of butter, for $65, and to 

pay for it he gave 3 barrels of flour, amounting to $19, 75 
cts, and a box of sugar at $23. 25 cts., and the rest in 
cash ; how much cash did he pay ? Ans. $22. 

7. Subtract the amount of $546. 25 cts., and $224. 62 
cts., 5 m. from one thousand dollars. 

Ans. $229. 12 cts. 5 m. . 

8. If I buy a ship for $6300, and pay for repairing 

$427. 63 cts., and then sell it for $8000, how much do I 
gain by the bargain? Ans. $1272. 37 cts. 

9. If I have $500, and pay one man $45 75 cts., to an¬ 

other $87. 88 cts., and to another $125. 50 cts., how much 
will I have left ? . Ans. $240. 87 cts. 


MULTIPLICATION. 


Q. What does Multiplication teach ? 

A. Multiplication teaches the method of finding the 
amount of any number of times, a given number. 

Q. What terms are used in Multiplication ? 

A. Multiplicand, Multiplier, and Product. 

Q. What is the Multiplicand ? 

A. It is the number to be multiplied. 

Q. What is the Multiplier? 

A. It is the number which you multiply by. 

Q. What is the Product ? 

A. It is the number found by multiplying. 

Q. How do you prepare numbers in Multiplication? 

A. I place the multiplier under the multiplicand, units 
under units, tens under tens, &c. 

Q. If the multiplier be not more than 12, how do you 
proceed ? 

A. I multiply each figure of the multiDlicand by it, 
commencing at the right hand. 

Q. If the product be not more than 9, what do you do ? 

A. I set down the whole. 

Q. If the product be more than 9, what do you do ? 

A. I set down the right hand figure and add the left to 
the next product. 







MULTIPLICATION. 


53 


Q. What do you do with the last product ? 

A. I set the whole of it down. 

Q. If the multiplier be more than 12, how do you work ? 

A. I multiply the multiplicand by each figure in the 
multiplier separately. 

Q. Where do you place the first figure of the product ? 

A. I place it under the figure which I multiply by. 

Q. How do you find the total product when you have 
multiplied by more than one figure ? 

A. I add the several products together, the sum of 
which will be the total product. 

Q. When there are ciphers in the multiplier or multi¬ 
plicand, what do you do ? 

A. T leave them out in multiplying, and place them at 
the right hand of the product. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If 3 boys each have 25 cents, how many cents have 
they together ? 

Multiplicand 25 

Multiplier 3 

Product 75 cents. 

2. What is the product of 129 multiplied by 9 ? 

Multiplicand 129 

Multiplier 9 

Product 1161. 

3. If there are 24 hours in one day, how many hours 
are there in 366 days ? 

366 

24 

1464 product by 4. 

732 product by 20. 

Hours 8784 product by 24. 

4. What would 94 lemons come to at 3 cents each ? 

Ans. 282 cts. 

5. What would 2 barrels of cider come to at 125 cts. 

a barrel ? Ans. 250 cts. 

6. If there are 365 days in one year, ,how many days 

are there in 12 years ? Ans. 4380 days. 


5 * 





MULTIPLICATION. 


54 


7. At 3 dollars a week, what would 52 weeks’ board 

amount to? Ans. $156. 

8. What is the product of 4213, multiplied by 3 ? 

Ans. 12639. 

9. What would 372 acres of land amount to at 7 dol¬ 
lars an acre ? Ans. 2604. 

10. Multiply six thousand seven hundred and fifty- 

six by four. Ans. $27024. 

11. What would 326 barrels of flour come to at six 

dollars a barrel ? Ans. $1956. 

12. What would be the value of 793 bushels of ap¬ 
ples, at nine shillings a bushel ? Ans. 7137s. 

13. If the diameter of the earth be 7956 miles, and 
the circumference about three times the diameter, how 
many miles make the circumference ? Ans. 23868. 

14. If one hundred and seventy-seven boys each pay 
sixpence ferriage, how much do they all pay ? 

Ans. 1062 pence. 

15. If there are 8 shillings in 1 dollar, how many 

shillings are there in 545 dollars ? Ans. 4360s. 

16. If 10 mills make 1 cent, how many mills are 

there in 7428 cents ? Ans. 74280 mills. 

17. At 11 dollars a yard, what will a piece of broad¬ 
cloth cost which measures 125 yards ? Ans. $1375. 

18. If there are 12 inches in one foot, how many 

inches are there in 348 feet ? Ans. 4176 inches. 

19. If 24 boys each have 42 tickets, how many will 

they have together ? Ans. 1008. 

20. What will be the product of 321, multiplied bv 

46 ? Ans. 14766. ' 

21. What will 85 yards of cloth at 18 shillings per 

yard amount to ? Ans. 1530s. 

22. If 28 boys each give 37 cents towards assisting a 
poor family, how much would it amount to ? 

Ans. 1036 cts. 

23. If 520 sailors each receive 92 dollars prize mo¬ 
ney, how much will they receive together ? 

Ans. $47840. 

24. How many days have elapsed since the discovery 

of America, 337 years since, supposing each year to be 
365 days ? Ans. 123,005 days. 






MULTIPLICATION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 55 


25. What is the product of 1823 multiplied by itself? 

Ans. 3.323.329. 

26. If there are 63 gallons in 1 hogshead, how many 
gallons are there in 546 hogsheads ?; Ans. 34398 gals. 

27. If there are 1760 yards in a mile, how many 
yards are there in 145 miles ? Ans. 255200 yards. 

28. What will be the product of 46834 multiplied by 

406 ? • Ans. 19014604. 

29. The hammer of a clock strikes 156 times every 
day; how often does it strike in 365 days or 1 year ? 

Ans. 56940 times. 


MULTIPLICATION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 


Q. How is Multiplication of Federal money per¬ 
formed ? 

A. By placing the multiplier under the lowest denom¬ 
ination, and multiplying as in simple multiplication. 

Q. How do you place the points in the product ? 

A. If there are mills in the multiplicand I point off 
one figure at the right hand for mills, and two more for 
cents ; but if the multiplicand consist of dollars and 
cents, I only point off two figures at the right hand for 
cents, the remainder will be dollars. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. How much will 3 pair of shoes come to at $2. 25 
cents a pair ? 

$ cts. 

Multiplicand 2. 25. 

Multiplier 3 


Product $6. 75. 

2. What cost 24 yards of broadcloth, at $8. 62 cts. 5 
mills per yard ? 

$ ctS. m. 

Multiplicand 8. 62. 5. 

Multiplier 24 


34500 

17250 


Product $207. 00. 0. 











56 MULTIPLICATION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 


3. If a man earn $13. 46 cts. 2 mills per week, how 
much will he earn in 4 weeks ? Ans. $53. 84 cts. 8 m. 

4. What cost 420 pounds of butter, at 12 cents, 5 m. 

per pound ? Ans. $52. 50 cts. 

5. What cost 9 barrels of flour, at $7. 50 cts. per 

barrel ? Ans. $67. 50 cts. 

6. Bought 85 yards of linen, at 85 cents a yard, what 

does it amount to ? Ans. $72. 25 cts. 

7. How much must I pay for 56 boxes of raisins, at 

$4. 88 cents per box ? Ans. $273. 28 cents. 

8. What cost 142 pounds of hyson tea, at $2. 62 cts. 

5 m. per pound ? Ans, $372. 75 ets. 

9. What would 750 acres of land come to at $17. 

46 cents per acre ? Ans. $13095. 

10. Find the amount of the following bills : 

New York , June 11, 1829. 

R. El well, 

Bought of C. T. Stagg, 

6 Yards of Broadcloth, at $6. 25 cts. per yard. 


12 

do. 

of Velvet, 

2. 75 

do. 

14 

do. 

of Satin, 

1 . 62^. 

do. 

56 

do. 

of Linen, 

87i. 

do. 


Received Payment, 


$142. 25. 


C. T. STAGG. 


George Sharp, 


4 Boxes of Raisins, at ! 
12 Pounds of Hyson Tea, at 
28 do. of Coffee, at 
17 do. of Citron, at 
3 Barrpls of Flour, at 
14 Gallons of Wine, at 


New York, July 4, 1829. 
Bought of Samuel Johnson, Jr. 


^3. 25 cts. per box. 
1. 37i per lb. 

0. 28 do. 

56 do. 

7. 28 per bbl. 

3. 75 pei^ gal. 


Received Payment, 


$ 121 . 20 . 


SAMUEL JOHNSON, Jr. 










DIVISION. 


51 


DIVISION. 


Q. What does Division teach ? 

A. Division teaches the method of finding how many 
times a less number is contained in a greater. 

Q. What terms are used in division ? 

A. Dividend, Divisor, Quotient, and Remainder. 

Q. What is the dividend ? 

A. It is the number to be divided. 

Q. What is the divisor ? 

A. It is the number which you divide by. 

Q. What is the quotient ? 

A. It is the number of times the dividend contains the 
divisor. 

Q. What is the remainder ? 

A. It is what is left after the quotient is found, and is 
always less than the divisor. 

Q. How do you place numbers in division ? 

A. I place the divisor, which is always the less num¬ 
ber, at the left hand of the dividend. 

Q. If the divisor be not over 12 how do you work ? 

A. I find how many times the divisor is contained in 
the first figure or figures at the left hand of the dividend, 
under which I place the result. 

Q. If there should be any thing over, what do you do ? 

A. I suppose it placed before the next figure, in the div¬ 
idend, and divide as before. 

Q. If any remain from the last figure, what do you 
do ? 

A. I set it down separately from the quotient as the 
remainder. 

Q. If the divisor be greater than 12 how do you 
work ? 

A, I find how many times it is contained in the first 
figure or figures of the dividend as before, but I place 
the result at the right hand of the dividend for the first 
quotient figure. 

Q. What do you do next ? 






DIVISION. 


58 


A. I multiply the divisor by the figure which I place in 
the quotient, and set the product under the figures which 
I divided in the dividend, and subtract it from them. 

Q. How do you proceed ? 

A. I bring down ; the next figure in the dividend to the 
remainder, and work as before, and so on until all the 
figures in the dividend are brought down. 

Q. After bringing down a figure from the dividend 
you find it is yet less than the divisor, what do you do ? 

A. I place a cipher in the quotient, and bring down 
another figure. 

Q. How do you prove a sum in division ? 

A. I multiply the divisor by the quotient, and add in 
the remainder, and if the amount equal the dividend the 
sum is correct. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If there are 36 cents to be divided between two 
boys, how many will each boy have ? 

Cents. 

Divisor 2) 36 (Dividend. 

Quotient 18 cents. 

2. If three boys have 66 apples to divide between 
them, how many will each boy have ? 

Dividend. 

Divisor 3) 66 


Quotient 22 apples. 

3. If 4 men draw a piize of 3280 dollars, what is each 
man’s share ? 

Dividend. 

Divisor 4) 3280 


Quotient $820 

4. Divide 48963 by 9. 

Dividend. 
Divisor 9) 48963 


Quotient 5440— 3 Remainder. 








r 


DIVISION. 


59 


5. If 
yard? 


24 yards of cloth cost 288 dollars, what 
Dividend. 

Divisor 24) 288 (12 Quotient. 
24 


is that a 


48 

48 


00 

6. How often is 365 contained in 75346 ? 

Dividend. 

Divisor 365) 75346 (206 Quotient. 
730 


2346 

2190 


156 Remainder. 

7. How many yards of cloth, at 5 dollars a yard, can 

you buy for 365 dollars ? Ans. 73. 

8. How many barrels of flour, at 6 dollars a barrel, 

can be bought for 1956 dollars ? Ans. 326. 

9. If you lay up 7 cents a day, how long before you 

will have 2555 cents ? Ans. 365 days. 

10. If 8 shillings make a dollar, how many dollars 

will 600 shillings make ? Ans. $75. 

11. If you travel 9 miles an hour, how long will it 

take you to go 144 miles ? Ans. 16 hours. 

12. If 12 pence make 1 shilling, how many shillings 

are there in 1728 pence ? Ans. 144 shillings. 

13. If you pay 10 shillings a bushel for peaches, how 
many bushels can you buy for 15760 shillings. 

Ans. 1576. 

14. If 13266 acres of land were divided among 11 
persons, how many acres would each person have ? 

Ans. 1206. 

15. If 12 inches make a foot, how many feet long is 
a log that measures 960 inches in length ? Ans. 80. 

16. If I have 105 pounds of coffee which I wish to 

put in papers of 7 pounds each, how many papers must 
I have ? Ans. 15. 









60 DIVISION. 


17. If a man earn 360 dollars in 12 months, how 

much is that a month ? Ans. 30 dollars. 

18. How often is 0 contained in 724 ? 

Ans. 80 and 4 over. 

19. How many times is 11 contained in 1206 ? 

Ans. 109—7 Remainder. 

20. How many times is 14 contained in 896 ? Ans. 64. 

21. If a boy do 16 sums a day, how long will it take 

him to do 192 sums ? Ans. 12 days. 

22. In the Table book are 70 lessons, how long will 

it take a boy to get through if he learn 5 lessons a 
week ? Ans. 14 weeks, 

23. Divide 6432 by 24. Ans. 268. 

24. If you wish to distribute 708 apples equally 
among 177 children, how many would you give to each? 

Ans. 4. 

25. If you wish to put 7875 gallons of wine into 

hogsheads, containing 63 gallons each, how many hogs¬ 
heads must you have? Ans. 125. 

26. If 1008 tickets are divided equally among 24 boys, 

how many tickets will each boy have ? Ans. 42. 

27. If 125 yards of broadcloth cost 1375 dollars, 

what is that a yard ? Ans. 11 dollars. 

28. Divide 74328 by 756. Ans. 98—240 Rem. 

29. How many times is 1025 contained in 625049 ? 

Ans. 609—824 Rem. 

30. If an army of 480000 men were to be divided in 

companies of 125 men each, how many companies 
would there be ? Ans. 3840. 

31. Divide 1506000 by 9762. Rem. 2652. 

32. How many times is 47960 contained in 95000000 ? 

Rem. 39200. 



DIVISION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 


Q. How is Division of Federal Money performed ? 

A. If the sum to be divided be in dollars, I place two 
ciphers at the right hand, in the cents place, and one 
more in place of mills ; but if it be in dollars and cents, 
place one cipher in the mill’s place, and divide as before, 
pointing off the right hand figure of the quotient for mills, 
and the next two for cents. 










DIVISION. 


61 


EXAMPLES. 

1. If 6 pair of boots cost $22. 50 cents, how much is 
that a pair ? 

$ cts. m. 

Divisor 6) 22 50. 0 (Dividend. 


Quotient $3 75 cts. 0 m. 

2. Bought a piece of cloth, measuring 24 yards, for 
$207, how much is that a yard ? 

$ cts. m. $ cts. m. 

24) 207 00 0 (8. 62. 5. Quotient. 
192 

150 

144 

60 

48 

120 

120 


000 

3. If a man earn $53. 84 cts. 8 mills, in 4 months, 
how much is that a month ? Ans. $13. 46 cts. 2 m. 

4. If 420 pounds of butter cost $52. 50 cts., how 

much is that per pound ? Ans. 12 cts. 5 m. 

5. If $67. 50 cts. is paid for 9 barrels of flour, how 

mnch is that a barrel ? Ans. $7. 50 cts. 

6. If I sell 85 yards of Linen for $72. 25 cts., what 

is that a yard? Ans. 85'cts., 

7. If 4 men make together $1345, what is each man’s 

share ? Ans. $336!. 25 cts. 

8. If a ship be worth $20468, what is one-twentieth 

part of it worA ? Ans. $1023. 40 cts. 

9. If you pay $15. 60 cts. for a barrel of pork, 
weighing 200 pounds, what is that, a pound ? 

Ans. 7 cts. 8 m. 

10. A person bought 122 tons of Jjehigh coal for 
1220 dollars, at what rate must he sell it a ton to make 
$152. 50 cents on the whole ? Ans. $11. 25 cents. 


6 






COMPOUND ADDITION. 


62 


COMPOUND ADDITION. 


Q. What does Compound Addition teach ? 

A. It teaches to add together numbers of different de¬ 
nominations. 

Q. How are the numbers placed to be added ? 

A. Those of the same denomination under each other. 

Q. Where do you commence adding ? 

A. At the right hand column ; or the one of the small¬ 
est denomination. 

Q. If it amount to less than sufficient to make one of 
the next higher denomination, what do you do ? 

A. I set down the whole under the column added. 

Q. If it amount to as many or more than will make 
one of the next higher denomination, what do you do ? 

A. I divide the amount by as many as will make one 
of the next higher denomination, and set down the re¬ 
mainder under the column added, and carry the quotient 
to the next column, and so on to the last column, the 
amount of which I set down as in Simple Addition. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Add £17.13s. lid,. £13. 10s. 2£d,. £10.17s. 3|d., 
£8. 8s. 7£d,. and £3. 3s. 4id. together. 

£. s. d. 

17 . 13 . 11. 

13 . 10 . 

10 . 17 . 3f. 

8. 8 . 7*. 

3 . 3 . 4i. 


Amount, £53 . 13 . 4f. 

2. One man owes me £22. 10s. 6d., another £28. 

14s. 7d., another £11. 7s. 2d., another £13. 14s. 6d.,and 
another £37. 4s. 5£d. how much do they owe me alto¬ 
gether? Ans. £113. 11s. 2id. 

3. I owe as follows : to A. eleven pounds seven shil¬ 

lings and six pence, to B. twenty-four pounds nineteen 
shillings and tenpence three farthings, to C. one hun¬ 
dred and forty-four pounds fourteen shillings, and to D. 
two hundred and sixty pounds. How much do I owe 
altogether? Ans. £441. Is. 4fd. 







COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. 


63 


4. Add £\. 17». Gd., £l. 19 s. 4 %d., £2. 4 s. 9 d., £l. 

9 s. 3d., and £2. IQs. together. Ans. £10. Os. lO^d. 

5. A person had several pieces of silver, one of which 
weighed 6 lbs. 10 oz. 18 dwts. 3 grs., another 4 lbs. 7 oz. 

10 dwts. 20 grs., another, 1 lb. 11 oz. 15 dwts. 11 grs., 
another 10 oz. 6 dwts., and another 18 dwts. and 2 grs. 
What was the weight of the whole ? 

Ans. 14 lbs. 5 oz. 8 dwts. 12 grs. 

6. Bought 4 hogsheads of tobacco, weighing as follows: 
the first, 10 cwt. 3 qrs. 10 lbs., the second, 8 cwt. 2 qrs. 
12 lbs., the third, 9 cwt. 0 qrs. 27 lbs., the fourth, 7 cwt. 

1 qr. 20 lbs. What did the four weigh together ? 

Ans. 36 cwt. 0 qrs. 13 lbs. 

7. A person has one piece of cloth measuring 32 yds. 

2 qrs. 3 n., another, 29 yds. 3 qrs. 2 n., another 26 yds. 

3 qrs. 2 n., another, 17 yds. 1 qr. 3 n., how many yards 
were there in the whole ? Ans. 106 yds. 3 qrs. 2 n. 

8. If a person has 125 acres of land, and buys of one 

man 23 acres 3 roods more, of another 16 acres 2 roods 
and 36 rods, of another 10 acres and 25 rods, and of 
another, 5 acres 1 rood and 39 rods, how much land will 
he then have ? Ans. 181 acres, 20 poles. 


COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. 


Q. What does Compound Subtraction teach ? 

* A. it teaches the method of taking a less number from 
a greater of different denominations. 

Q. How are the numbers placed ? 

A. The Jess number under the greater, those of the 
same denomination under each other, as in Compound 
Addition. 

Q. How do you proceed ? 

A. I commence at the right hand, and if the number 
in the subtrahend should be greater than the number 
above it, I subtract it from as many as will make one of 
the next higher denomination, and add the remainder to 
the number above, and set down the sum, carrying one to 
the next number to be subtracted, and so on to the last, 
which I subtract as in Simple Subtraction. 










64 


COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. 


EXAMPLES. 

If I have £7. 10s. 6id., and spend £4. 3s. 4id , how 
much will I have left ? 

£. .s. d. qrs. 

Minuend, 7. 10. 6. 2. 

Subtrahend, 4. 3. 4. 1. 

Remainder, £3. 7. 2. 1. 

2. From £127. 9s. 24 d., take £106. 12s. 6^d. 

£. s. d. qrs. 

Minuend, 127. 9. 2. 1. 

Subtrahend, 106. 12. 6. 2. 


Remainder, £20. 16. 7. 3. 

3. From £58. 10s. 6d., take £12. 15s. 8d. 

Ans. £45. 14s. lOd. 

4. If a merchant has a piece of cloth measuring 28 

yards, and sell 14 yds. 3 qrs. 2 nails, how much will he 
have left? Ans. 13 yds] 0 qr. 2 nails. 

5. If I buy goods amounting to £121, and pay in wheat 

to the amount of £63. 10s. 6d., and the rest in cash, how 
much cash do I pay ? Ans. £57. 9s. 6d. 

6. If I sell from a hogshead of wine 38 gallons 2 qts. 
and 1 pint, how much have I left ? 

Ans. 24 galls. 1 qt. 1 pt. 

7. If a man whose farm contains 200 acres, 2 roods, 
and 25 poles, should sell 21 acres, 3 roods, and 31 poles, 
how much would he have left ? 

Ans. 178 acres, 2 roods, 34 poles. 

8. If 1 cwt. 2 qrs. and 26 pounds be taken from a hogs¬ 
head of tobacco, weighing 7 cwt. 3 qrs. and 20 lbs., how 
much ,will there be left ? 

Ans. 6 cwt. 0 qrs. 22 lbs. 

9. From 21 years, take 16 years 3 months and 25 days. 

Ans. 4 years 8 months 5 days. 

10. Bought a horse for £40., and a wagon £35. 10s., 
the harness cost me £4. 9s. 4d.; repairs to the wagon, 
£l. 17. 10id, I sold the whole for £80.; did I gain or 
lose by the bargain, and how much ? 

Ans. I lost £l. 17s. 2^d. 










COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION. 65 


11. From £20. take 20 pence. 

Ans. £19. 18s. 4c?. 

12. From a ton take a pound. 

Ans. 19 cwt. 3 qrs. 27 lbs. 

13. Augustus was born on the 11th of the 6th month, 

1807; how old was he on the 11th of the 8th month, 
1829. Ans. 22 years, 2 months. 



COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION. 


Q. What does Compound Multiplication teach ? 

A. It teaches the method of finding the amount of any 
number of times a given number of different denomi¬ 
nations. 

Q. How do you work ? 

A. I commence multiplying at the lowest denomina¬ 
tion, and proceed with the products in the same manner 
as with the amounts in Compound Addition. 

Q. How do you work when the multiplier exceeds 
12, and is the product of any two numbers in the mul¬ 
tiplication table ? 

A. I multiply the given sum by either of the two 
numbers, and that product by the other, the last product 
will be the answer. 

Q. When the multiplier is not the exact product of 
any two numbers in the multiplication table, what do 
you do ? 

A. I multiply as before by two numbers whose pro¬ 
duct is least short of the multiplier, and to that product 
I add the product of the given sum, multiplied by a 
number which will supply the deficiency, the amount of 
of which will be the answer. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. If a pair of boots cost £2. As. 6d., what cost 9 
pair ? 

£. s. d. 

Multiplicand 2. 4. 6 

Multiplier 9 

Product, £20. 0. 6 


6 * 








OOMI'Ol'NO MlTriritt'ATlUN. 


66 

3, Wlmt is the value of 56 pounds of butter at In. 
104 </. per pound ? 

$. </. 

1. 104 price of 1 pound. 

7 


13. 14 price of 7 pounds. 
8 


£5. 5. 0 price of 56 pounds. 

3. Bought 74 yards of doth, at £l. 17s. 4</. per yard, 
what did it amount to * 

£ s. </. 

1. 17. 4 price of 1 yard. 

13 


33. 8. 0 price of 111 yards. 
6 


134. 8. 0 price of 73 yards. 
3.14. 8 price of 3 yards. 


JC188. 3. 8 price of 74 yards. 

4. Bought 4 ynnls of cloth, at I ts. 6</, per van!, 

what dta's it amount to l las. £3. 18s. 

5. If a matt earn £13. 8s. 6</. in one month, how 

much will ho earn in 8 months ? .4as. £88. 16s. 

6. What cost 111 gallons of brandy, at 14s. 7|e. per 

gallon i Aus. £8. 15s, iW. 

7. If one-fourth of a barrel of Hour cost 17s. 4^;’., 

how much is that a barrel t A ms. £3. 8s. 6u f . 

8. If an English guinea weigh 0 dwts. and 6 grains, 
what does 13 guineas weigh ? A ms. 3 or. 3 dwts. 

8. It then' art' 6 lots, each containing 7 acres, 3 roods, 
and 38 polos, how much dtx>s the whole contain t 

4ms. 47 acres, 3 roods, 38 poles. 

10, How far will the man walk who travels over the 
space of 5 miles, 7 furlongs ami 36 tx'los, l times i 

A ms. 33 miles, 6 fur. 34 poles. 

11. Multiply 4 years 11 mo. 3 weeks and 6 days hv 7. 

A ms. 34 years, 8 mo. 3 weeks. 
















COMPOUND DIVISION. 


67 


12. Bought 14 yards of linen, at 6s. 4 id. per yard 5 

how much does it amount to ? Ans. £4. 9s. 3d. 

13. It a man earn £3. 4s. 8 d. in one week, how much 

will he earn in a year ? Ans. £168. 2s. 8 d. 

14. What is the weight of 13 hogsheads of tobacco, each 
weighing 9 cwt. 1 qr. 27 lbs. ? Ans. 123 cwt. 1 qr. 15 lbs. 

15. How many yards of cloth are there in 33 pieces, 
each piece containing 22 yds. 3 qrs. 3 nails ? 

Ans. 756 yds. 3 qrs. 3 nails. 

16. How many bushels will 40 barrels contain, when 
each barrel holds 2 bushels, one peck, and 6 quarts ? 

Ans. 97 bushels 2 pecks. 

17. At 12s. 6 \d. per gallon, what will 126 gallons of 

wine cost? Ans. £18. 17s. 7 hd. 

18. If a man spend £l. 12s. 8 d. per day, how much is 

that a year ? Ans. £596. 3s. 4 d. 


COMPOUND DIVISION. 


Q. What does Compound Division teach ? 

A. It teaches the method of finding how often a 
smaller number is contained in a greater of several de¬ 
nominations. 

Q. How do yon work ? 

A. I place the divisor at the right hand of the dividend, 
and divide the number of the highest denomination, and 
set the quotient under it. 

Q. If there be a remainder what do you do ? 

A. I multiply it by as many of the next lower denomi¬ 
nation as will make one of that, adding in the number of 
the next denomination, and divide as before, and so on till 
the lowest denomination. 

Q. When the divisor exceeds 12. and is the product of 
any two figures in the multiplication table, how do you 
work ? 

A. I divide the given sum by either of the numbers, 
and the quotient by the other number, the last quotient 
will be the answer. 

Q. When a remainder occurs in the last division, how 
do you find the true remainder ? 

A. I multiply the last remainder by the first divisor, and 
add in the first re main der for the true remainder. 












68 


COMPOUND DIVISION. 


Q. When the divisor exceeds 12, and is not the pro¬ 
duct of any two numbers in the multiplication table, how 
do you work ? 

A. I perform the work at length, placing the quotient 
at the right hand of the dividend. 

EXAMPLES, 

1. If 9 pair of boots cost £20. Os. 6d ., what cost one 


pair ? 



£ 

s. 

d. 

Divisor 9) 20. 

0 . 

6 (Dividend. 

Quotient £2. 

4. 

6 Ans. 

2. If a firkin of butter weighing 56 pounds, cost 

5s,, what is that a pound ? 



£ 

s. 

d. 

8) 5. 

5, 

0 

7) 0. 

13. 


£0. 

1 . 

m 


3. What is the value of a yard of cloth when 74 yards 
cost £138. 2s. 8 d. ? 

£ s. d. £ s. d. 

74) 138. 2. 8 (1. 17. 4 quotient. 

74 


64 pounds remaining, 
Multiply by 20 and add in the 2s. 


74) 1282s. (17 shillings, 
74 


542 

518 


24 shillings remaining, 
Multiply by 12 and add in the 8 pence, 

74) 296 (4 pence, 

296 











COMPOUND DIVISION. 


69 


4. If 4 yards of cloth cost £2. 18s., what cost 1 yard ? 

Ans. 14s. 6d. 

5. What cost 1 pair of stockings when the price of 

10 pair is £l. 7s. Id. ? Ans. 3s. 8 \d. 

6. If a man earn £99. 16s. in 8 months, how much is 

that a month? Ans. £12. 9s. 6 d. 

7. If 12 gallons of brandy cost £8. 15s. 9 d., how 

much is that a gallon? Ans. 14s. 7f d. 

8. If a barrel of flour be worth £3. 9s. 6d., how 
much is one-fourth of a barrel worth ? Ans. 17s. 4 \d. 

9. If a field containing 47 acres, 3 roods, 28 poles, be 

divided into 6 equal shares, how much land will each 
share contain ? Ans. 7 acres, 3 roods, 38 poles. 

10. If a man walk 45 miles in 12 hours, how far is that 

an hour ? Ans. 3 miles, 6 furlongs. 

11. If a quantity of goods, weighing 25 cwt. 3 qrs. 

12 lbs., are to be carried in 4 wagons, how much should 
go in each ? Ans. 6 cwt. 1 qr. 24 lbs. 

12. - If 14 yards of linen cost £4. 9s. 3d., how much 

is that a yard ? Ans. 6s. 4 id. 

13. If a man earn £168. 2s. 8d. in a year, how much 

is that per week ? Ans. £3. 4s. 8 d. 

14. If a man have 640 bushels of apples which he 
puts in 256 barrels, how much does each barrel contain ? 

Ans. 2 bus. 2 pecks. 

15. If a pipe of wine cost £79. 2s. 10 %d., how much 

is that a gallon ? Ans. 12s. 6\d. 

16. If a man spend £596. 18s. 6hd. in a year, how 

much is that per day ? Ans. £l. 12s. 8i d. 


REDUCTION. 


Q. What does Reduction teach ? 

A. It teaches the method of changing any quantity 
from one denomination to another, retaining the same 
value as before reduced. 

How many kinds of Reduction are there ? 

Two ; Reduction Ascending, and Reduction Descend¬ 
ing. 







70 REDUCTION DESCENDING. 


REDUCTION DESCENDING. 


Q. What does Reduction Descending teach ? 

A. It teaches the method of bringing numbers from 
higher to lower denominations, as shillings into pence, 
feet into inches, &c. 

Q. How do you work ? 

A. I multiply the number of the highest denomination 
by as many times as it contains one of the next lower, and 
add in the number of the next lower denomination, if 
there be any, and so on until it is reduced to the denomi¬ 
nation required. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. In £27. 8s. 3?d. how many farthings? 

£27 8s. 3£d. 

20 


548 shillings.. 
12 

6579 pence. 

4 


26,319 farthings. 

2. In £75. how many pence'? Ans. I8000 1 . 

3. In £22. 14s. how many pence ? Ans. 5448. 

4. In £49. 12s. 6^d. how many farthings ? 

Ans. 47642. 

5. In £88. how many shillings, pence, and farthings ? 

Ans. 1760s. 21120d. 84480 qrs. 

6. How many feet in 8 miles ? Ans. 42240 feet. 

7. In 43 bushels, 3 pecks, how many quarts ? 

Ans. 1400. 

8. How many gills in a pipe of wine? Ans. 4032. 

9. In 5 lbs. 6 oz. Troy weight, how many grains ? 

Ans. 31680. 

10. In 1 lb. 11 oz. 5 drams, how many scruples ? 

Ans. 567. 

11. In 21 weeks, how many seconds ? Ans. 12700800. 

12. In 43 yards, 3 qrs. 2 nails, how many nails ? 

Ans. 702. 









REDUCTION ASCENDING. 1l 


REDUCTION ASCENDING. 


Q. What does Reduction Ascending teach ? 

A. It teaches the method of bringing numbers from 
lower to higher denominations, as pence into shillings, 
ounces into pounds, &c. 

Q. How do you work ? 

A. I divide the sum by as many as will make one of 
the next higher denomination, and if there be any remain¬ 
der, I separate it from the quotient by a point, and so on, 
till it is reduced to the denomination required. 

EXAMPLES. 

In 26331 farthings, how many pounds? 

4)26331 


12)6582 3 


20)548. 6 


£27. 8. 6f. 

2. In 18 thousand pence, how many pounds ? 

Ans . £75. 

3. In 5448 pence, how many pounds ? 

Ans. £22. 14s. 

4. In 44642 farthings, how many pounds ? 

Ans. £46. 10s. 0^. 

5. In 64390 oz. how many cwt. ? 

Ans. 35 cwt. 3 qrs. 20 lbs. 6 oz. 

6. In 9728 nails, how many yards ? Ans. 608 yards. 

7. If 3472 men are supplied each with a pint of mo¬ 
lasses, how many gallons will it take ? Ans. 434. 

8. If a man drink a gill of spirits each day, how 
much will he drink in a year ? 

Ans. 11 galls. 1 qt. 1 pt. 1 g. 

9. In 3200 square acres, how many square miles ? 

Ans. 5. 

10. In 9460 seconds, how many hours ? 

Ans. 2 h. 37 m. 40 seconds. 

11. In 8724 sixpences, how many pounds ? 

Ans. £218. 2s. 









72 PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES. 


PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES. 


1. Add 6 times 6, 8 times 8, and 10 times 10 toge¬ 
ther. Ans. 200. 

2. A boy having 120 marbles, gave 3 boys each 25; 

how many had he left ? Ans. 45. 

3. What number multiplied by 12 will make 1728 ? 

Ans. 144. 

4. What number, multiplied by 6, and the product 

divided by 9, will make 48? Ans. 72. 

5. A man owing $50 is to pay 75 cents a week, what 
will remain due at the end of the year ? Ans. $11. 

6. What will 44 yards of velvet come to, at $3. 50 

per yard ? A ns. $15. 75 cts. 

7. If 15 men each receive, $14. 50 cents a month, 
what will their wages amount to in 34 years ? 

Ans. $9135. 

8. What sum added to £17. 11s. 8id. will make 

£100? Ans. £82. 8s. 3fd. 

9. The war of the American revolution commenced 
April 19, 1775, and closed the 20th January, 1783, how 
long did it continue ? Ans. 7 years, 9 mo. 1 day. 

10. What is the weight of six boxes of sugar, each 
weighing 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 9 lbs. Ans. 21 cwt. 1 qr. 26 lbs. 

11. The President of the United States receives a 
salary of $25000 a year ; how much is that a day ? 

Ans. $68. 49 cts. 3 m. 

12. Bought 18 yards of broadcloth, at $3. 14s. 6d. 

per yard; 27 yards of flannel at 3s. 44d. per yard, and 
26 pieces of Irish linen, each containing 274 yards, at 
4s. 34d. per yard. I paid one fourth of the amount in 
cash, and gave a note for the remainder ; what was the 
amount of the note ? Ans. £168. 15s. 6d. 

13. What will be the weight of $100, allowing each 
dollar to weigh 17 dwts. 8 grs. ? 

Ans. 7 lbs. 2 oz. 13 dwts. 8 grs. 

14. A person bought 57 cwt. of raisins, at $7. 874 
cents per cwt. which he put into boxes, containing 24 
pounds each, and sold them at $2. 75 cts. per box ; how 
many boxes had he, and how much did he gain by the 
transaction, allowing the boxes to have cost him 124 cts. 
each ? Ans. he had 266 boxes, he gained $249. 374 cts. 




























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An Oral System of teaching Living Languges, 
Illustrated by a Practical Course of Lessons in the French, 
through the medium of the English. By Jean Manesca. 
Manesca’s Philological Recorder, 

Adapted to the Oral System of Peaching Living Languages. 
American Popular Lessons, by Miss E. Robbins. 
Introduction to do. by do. 

Sequel to do. by do. 

Primary Dictionary, by do. 

Grecian History, by do. 

Baldwin’s Primary Arithmetic. 

Brnufs French Grammar. , 

Clarke’s Elements of Astronomy. 

Daniel’s Six Cent Toys. 

Dwight’s Schoolmaster’s Friend. 

Haskel’s Class Book of Natural History, 12mo 
Huntington’s Geography and Atlas. 

Mason’s Select Remains, 32mo. extra cloth. 

Mills’ Blair’s Rhetoric, new edition. 

Rice Paper. 

School Diary. 

Smart’s Cicero, 12mo. 

Mrs. Barbauld’s Lessons for Children, in French. 
Modeles de Litterature Fran<?aise, by M. Chapsal. 
First Lessons in learning French, by G. Chouquet. 
Mabire’s Guide to French Conversation. 

First Lessons in Human Physiology, by J. H. 
Griscom, M.D. 







